Annotated Bibliography: Development Of The Worker Class In The Ottoman Empire

Books were important aspects of the Ottoman court life. The Ottoman court dealt with bureaucrats, soldiers and household servants. To the court life books played an essential role/ aspect in many different ways. To them books were a way to write a narrative about the nature of their empire in a way that is writing about their history or declaring it at least. With dealing with the books as it pertained to the Ottoman court life it all had to do with an elite system. Books were a way to comprehend and establish the perspective of the elite audience, this was because elites were the ones that interacted with the books. Through their perspective certain books/manuscripts would be made. Having books or certain types of books was a way of demonstrating your social standing in the courts hierarchal. This all had to do with the way the viewed the books

The Ottoman Empire, during its peak, was one of the largest and most powerful empires in the world, where the empire lasted from the fourteenth century until the early twentieth century. The Ottoman Empire stretched from North Africa, Arabs states, and the Balkan. However, just like any great empire, the Ottoman Empire would eventually experience significant problems and potentially lead to its decline as a great power in the European and Asian continent. In order to combat the decline of the empire and bring back their strength in comparison to the European powers, the Ottomans started a period of reform, known as the Tanzimat (1839 – 1876), which means reorganization in Turkish. There were major reforms developed for the empire, but whether they were truly effective is still debated.

There have been a series of reforms within the Ottoman Empire initiated with the first decree Hatt-i Sharif of Gulhane in 1839. This has the beginning of the Tanzimat Era. The reforms have been influenced by European ideas. Changing the Ottoman theocratic government into a modern state. With the implement of freeing imprisoned non-Muslims and easing up the tensions of the conquered subjects of the Ottoman Empire to prevent nationalistic uprisings, such as with the Greeks in 1821. The Ottoman government has become more secular state for the non-muslims communities. This degree eliminated taxations of farming into a regular system of assessing taxes, guaranteeing property to the subjects, reforming their military structure to be more western

The demise of the Ottoman Empire began in the early twentieth century. The world was beginning to become more industrialized and because of that economies were rapidly changing. The sultans were not prone to taking this into consideration and firmly believed that since the Ottoman Empire survived that long just as it was then there was no need to reinvent themselves by becoming more industrialized. Inevitably, economic hardship fell upon the

The Ottoman had several scenes of decline and each one had marked their history and are linked with it so I will explain each one. The armistice of 1918 ended the fighting between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies but didn´t bring stability or peace to the region. The British controlled Syria, Palestine and Mesopotamia.

In this essay I will break down and give background on the conflicts between the Ottoman and Habsburg Empires. I will compare and contrast a few of the economical differences between these empires.

century in which Europeans embarked on extensive overseas expeditions. European nations, such as Portugal, Spain, England, and the Netherlands, participated heavily in global trade and set up many trade colonies and routes. Many people will say that the European’s only reason for exploration was to spread Christianity, obtain gold, and gain glory through their conquests and acquisition of lands. Some people might also say that the Ottomans heavily influenced the Europeans to participate in this period of exploration. Although the goals of “God, gold, and glory” are often associated with the Age of Exploration, the Ottoman Empire had a greater influence on the desire of European states to establish overseas empires and employ mercantilist economy

One of the most important events of the history was European expansion into the new world. Traditional Feudal societies collapsed under the weight of demographic and political changes during Eurasia experienced Mongol expansion and Black death. There was sociopolitical and religious conflict between states and reconsideration of traditional knowledge and institution. The social and intellectual revolutions in Europe can be considered provocative and subversive. Revolutions in the European society encouraged each other incrementally rather than remaining isolated and produced systematic and lasting changes in the European society.

The Ottoman Empire was one of the largest and strongest Turkish Muslim empires in the world, with its capitol Constantinople it led the trade in the eastern and western world. Constantinople had total control of the Silk Road due to location, being in the middle of the black and Mediterranean Sea gave Constantinople total control of the trade market. Leading for more than 600 years (Modern World History, chap. 5, sect. 2) the Ottoman Empire served as a unification between different and separated parts of the Islamic world. The Ottoman Empire rose to power mainly due to Mongols destroying their Islamic dynasty known as the Seljuk Turks, this in turn caused the Ottoman Turks to regain their strength and regroup. Military leaders also played an important role in the development of the empire.

In the late 1800’s a group of young scholars banned to together for the greater good of the ottoman empire. They along with many were extremely displeased with their situation the what happening at the time. Reforming was happening in the empire that was not the problem, it was the type of reforming the Young Ottomans were upset with. They all wanted to somehow preserve the roots to the ottoman empire. That was there was main objective. The Ottoman empire was moving in a way that they would be completely ran with a European government. They would not stand for this because they thought one should have ties to their origins.

Throughout the evolution of time, diverse societies and cultures have helped to shape our world. Many of these cultures in existence from as far back as the 1300’s are still evolving today. Every country in the world is populated with many diverse cultures, languages, and religions. The people and the lifestyle a country creates lend itself then to its unique signature qualities and characteristics. These qualities and characteristics then become what a country is known for, and what the country’s reputation to the world will be. There are so many aspects to an Empire and the civilians who inhabit the Empire that the leaders must monitor items such as religion, military, language, economy, and diversity. All these items impact the success or

Originally, the Ottoman Empire was strictly centralized in order to preserve sovereignty upon all territories. Under stability, the empire was able to tax easier allowing the acquisitions of new wealth. The two tax revenue mainstreams came from the “tithe and cizye” (Zürcher,2007). Once the Ottoman bureaucracy struggled during the empire’s decline, it was unable to provide money or any income for the Sultan to carry out affairs. The ability to not tax creates the opportunities for leakages within institutions. With the inability to sustain tax revenues, the Sultan loses certain authority in area. Rigged with corruption and economic decline, the Ottoman Empire gradually lost regions due to nationalist movements. These movements led to the decline

The rise of the Ottoman Empire started in Turkey and spread through most of the Middle East. Their military practice and successful transition to the use of gun powder made them one of the most successful ruling bodies in the Middle East. The Ottoman Empire which ruled until modern times had great influence on the Middle Eastern world. Their political and economic abilities astonished the western world. Their religious views and fears were instilled into any non-Muslim and helped the western world to find new trade. The rise of Christianity in the western world provided new ways to preserve the dead and ended the need for frankensence, the main export of the Ottoman Empire. This

The Ottoman Turks emerged on the periphery of the Byzantine Empire and the Saljuk Turks. Under a Turkish Muslim warrior named Osman, raids were conducted in western Anatolia on Byzantine settlements and a vast number of Turks were united under his banner. Those Turks who flocked to Osman's banner and followed him into the history books came to be called the Ottomans. The word Ottoman, fits these Turks well as it roughly translates from Turkish as "those associated with Oman."

At its peak, the Ottoman Empire spread across 3 continents and was known as the most powerful empire in Europe, Asia, and Africa. In the beginning, the Ottomans were descendants of the Seljuk Turks, the great empire in Asia. The Ottomans were military minded and raided surrounding areas. Of these raiders, or Gazis, Osman I was the most important. Sultan Osman Gazi I was an expert at invading and conquering. Soon, Osman and his followers, Ottomans, created a small state in Anatolia. They bought and conquered land and expanded their small state into an empire. Also, their military was the first to use gunpowder and cannons as an offense and thus were considered the greatest military at the time. With all of this, their Empire successfully survived from one family line of Sultans for seven centuries. Because of their strength and superiority, the Ottomans were considered one of the most successful Empires in history.