Annotated Bibliography

According to the oral cancer foundation, “Chemotherapy is the use of chemicals to destroy cancer cells. Chemotherapy works by interfering with the cancer cell's ability to grow. It is one of the three main methods utilized to treat cancer.” With cancer being a potentially fatal disease it is important to diagnose it as soon as possible. the oncologist have to study the chemicals used so that they can determine what chemicals will treat the cancer or disease the best and what chemicals can be mixed together without any major side effects. The drugs can be divided into groups based on how they work, their chemical structure, and their relationship to other drugs.

18. Which item would be most beneficial when providing oral care to a patient with metastatic cancer who is at risk for oral tissue injury secondary to chemotherapy?

If you or a loved one is going through chemotherapy treatments, it can be surprising to find out how many different things are affected by it. This includes the mouth, since issues can occur such as gum problems or sores. By working with a dentist that is proactive about dealing with the effects of chemotherapy on the teeth, they can be protected throughout the treatment.

Oral cancer is a devastating disease. Over eight thousand American lives are taken by oral cancer and only a fourth of these patients do not excessively drink alcohol or smoke tobacco, which are the two main causes of oral cancer (The Oral Cancer Foundation). Survival rates for oral cancer could be much higher if the population would take precautionary measures to reduce their chances of being diagnosed with oral cancer. When the use of alcohol and tobacco are decreased, the chances of acquiring oral cancer are also decreased. By visiting the dentist at least once every year, new lesions could be found. Unfortunately, only seven percent of the population, who visits the dentist regularly, receives a thorough oral cancer exam(The Oral

Some chemotherapy drugs can damage your hair cells. Cooling of the scalp is a proven approach to reduce chemotherapy-induced hair loss that has been used successfully by tens of thousands of patients worldwide. The reduced temperature results

Several research studies have hypothesised that hyperthermia significantly potentiates the effects of radiation therapy on tumors. However, some scholars argue that radiation therapy and hyperthermia works independently during the management of tumors. The primary goal of hyperthermia in colorectal cancer management is to produce temperatures that range above 41-42 degrees centigrade. Temperatures above these levels have been seen to have a direct cytotoxic effect on tumor cells, as well as healthy cells. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy can be described as a highly concentrated and heated chemotherapy management, which is directly administered to into the abdomen during surgical procedures. Unlike the conventional chemotherapy administration

- The article chosen focuses on proper assessment of oral ulceration in the primary care setting to aide in the early diagnosis of oral cancerous ulcerations. Benign oral ulceration may cause by numerous factors ranging acute ulcerations, like trauma (i.e. biting your mucosa), medications, and various infectious agents like (herpiesveridae) (Paleri, V. et. al., 2010). Chronic oral ulceration can develop with persistent irritation, such as dentures. Chronic infections, and medications can be the causative factor to chronic ulcerations (Paleri, V. et. al., 2010). When it comes to Cancerous oral ulcerations can manifest and

World Health Organization estimates that '84' million individuals will die of cancer between 2005 and 2015. Oral Mucositis is a frequently occurring and debilitating complication of chemotherapy. Consequently Oral Mucositis will result in malnutrition, fluid electrolyte imbalances, and different complications such as infection. In spite of large choice of prophylactic agents offered, there's very little consistency among institutions, and many commonly used interventions are not evidence-based. As well as, however Cryotherapy has shown some positive effects in preventing Mucositis, there are still some shortcomings for this intervention such as limited number of supporting studies which are predominantly designed on chemotherapy, for the above reasons . the researcher motivated to undertake this study. As ice cubes may be prepared promptly available and cheaper, individuals undergoing chemotherapy might effectively use this in their due course of therapy. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the of Cryotherapy on incidence and severity of chemotherapy-induced Oral Mucositis and Oral Mucositis related pain in patients treated with combined chemotherapy (Fluorouracil and Leucovorin) “Not everything that is faced can be changed. But nothing can be changed until it is faced.” James

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for 90% of all oral cancers. It may affect any anatomical site in the mouth.(1) Annually,130,000 people succumb to oral cancer in India i.e. approximately 14 deaths per hour. Recently, a trend has been observed towards increasing incidence of OSCC among young adults. (2)The concept of a two-step process of cancer development in the oral mucosa, i.e. a precursor lesion subsequently developing into OSCC, is well established. These precursor lesions are referred as Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMD). Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is one of the commonest OPMD. The malignant transformation rate of OSF ranges from 3 to 19%(2) .OSF is characterized by changes in the connective tissue fibres of the lamina propria and deeper parts leading to stiffness of the oral mucosa and restricted mouth opening (3) and this extensive fibrosis of the connective tissue also causes reduction of vascularity & subsequently hypoxia in oral mucosa (4). OSF has been reported commonly among Indians living in India and among other Asiatics, with a prevalence ranging up to

Hyperthermia (also called thermal therapy or thermotherapy) is a type of cancer treatment in which specific cancerous tissue is exposed to high temperatures (up to 43o C). It has been shown that high temperatures can damage or kill cancer cells, usually accompanied with minimal injury to normal tissues (30). Mild hyperthermia (39–43°C) has successfully been used in combination with chemotherapy to increase sensitivity of the cells to anticancer drugs (31, 32) mainly using an intraperitoneal approach. The interaction between heat and chemotherapeutic agents results in increased drug uptake by accelerating the drug's efficacy and increasing the intracellular drug concentration (33). Therefore, the combination of hyperthermia and anti-cancer drugs

The trend in the management of cancer nowadays is through a multidisciplinary or team approach. It is a team effort involving several disciplines in oncology, medical, paramedical and allied professionals who are necessary in the management of cancer patient. The clinicians convene to review referred cancer patients; formulate and recommends in consensus the best appropriate management using an evidence-based treatment plan to improve patient survival and quality of life. Further more, multidisciplinary conferences provides an avenue of continuing medical education, collaboration for medical staff and health professionals, maintaining a cancer registry, acting as a quality improvement forum, maintaining a commitment

Oral mucositis is one of most debilitating side effects of common cancer therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. It affects about 10-40% of patients receiving chemotherapy for solid tumors and up to 100% of those undergoing high dose radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. Oral mucositis is painful and may result in dose reductions, treatment delays, or treatment discontinuation, which in turn can affect the outcome of anticancer therapy. Moreover, extensive oral mucositis may limit adequate nutritional intake and necessitate hospitalization for parenteral nutrition and narcotic analgesics, increasing the cost of anticancer therapy and impairing the patients’ quality of life. Management of oral mucositis generally involves good oral hygiene, systemic analgesics, and preventive

The purpose of this paper is to review the literatu-ra about major sequelae from radiation therapy for head and neck affecting the oral cavity of cancer patien-tes, besides reaffirming the importance of dentist in the prevention and control of them.

The literature review was detailed explaining the etiology diagnosis and treatment of the disease however limited literature references were mentioned to support the conclusion that, Oral cavity lesions can be the first sign of relapse or succession of myeloma.1

35 cases of oral submucos fibrosis, 10 normal oral mucosal tissue and 10 of oral squamous cell carcinoma were taken for the study.