Annotated Bibliography: Gun Violence Trends In Movies

Video Game Violence has been a big controversial topic for many years, going back to the most simple classic video games like Ms. Pac-Man, Centipede and Space Invaders,which eventually turned into more modern games like Destiny and Grand theft Auto. This research expands and analyzes the idea of how video game violence is always accused and put to blame for aggressive events and how the research of this is faulty . The way most people look at video games and how people try to connect them to violence could needs to be corrected. Within this research we will be looking very closely at how these studies and tests were done on violent video

Advertisers often emphasize sexuality and the importance of physical attractiveness in an attempt to sell products, but researchers are concerned that this places pressure on women to focus more on their appearances. As stated in an article from Body Image and Advertising, the average woman sees 400 to 600 advertisements per day and by the time she is 17 years old, she has received over 250,000 commercial messages through the media. While only 9% of advertisements have a direct statement about beauty, many more implicitly emphasize the importance of beauty- particularly those that target both women and girls. (HealthyPlace)

Mass media is one of the main approaches used in health promotion and its lack of success may be due to its oversimplification or segmented view of health and well-being.

Throughout the article Carr establishes the mental process of what reading used to be, and now the modern technology reading. Before one is immersed in the tech world, reading books and newspapers was easy, flying through the books and need to run to the local library. Nowadays, teenagers, and adults all resorts to the Web. Whether it is a blog, social media post, or the online newspaper, many tend to read the bare minimum. Some may complain about the comment or caption is longer than a paragraph. Readers in today’s age

As far back as 1994, Webster and Wilson found that “Because guns are ubiquitous in the United States and integral to the current epidemic of youth violence, pediatricians should participate in primary prevention of firearm injuries,” (Webster & Wilson, 1994, p. 617). The author also discusses the effects of media violence in the nature of television and video games as instilling violence into the development of children in their formative years. “These portrayals of gun use may suggest to children that guns confer power, respect, and a

In “Why Don’t Teens Read For Pleasure Like They Used To?,” Jennifer Ludden a writer from Mind/Shift, KQED.org explains why many teens aren’t reading for pleasure anymore. A study done by Common Sense Media, shows that “Nearly half of 17-year-olds say they read for pleasure no more than one or times a year - if that.” Ludden states that with the digital revolution, there are more platforms than ever to read on. Even though the number of American teens reading for pleasure has dramatically. Additionally, Jim Steyer, CEO and founder of Common Sense Media, says he’s been studying the impact of technology on children.

In this article from 2005, Dana Gioia is telling Americans how much the decline in reading among young Americans has gone. Gioia is encouraging Americans to read, and writes about the consequences of not having this literature reading skill.

The article “Violence As Fun” by Randall Sullivan brings up this issue, arguing that parents need to be educated on the dangers of allowing their children to watch violent TV programs. The author supports this with evidence from a report conducted by The American Psychological Association, where they concluded that early substance abuse, access to weapons, isolation, and widespread display of violence in media; the latter being greater, contributes to the violent behaviors in adolescents. He also points out that since the 1950s, aggravated assaults have increased seven times. The passage further emphasizes that many TV outlets know the damaging effects that violence in media has on juveniles, yet only a few acknowledge this fact. Sullivan’s

So how is it that it is the fault of video game violence that makes juveniles violent? As much as media coverage will have people think the “wave of violence gripping America’s youth” (Grossman), the truth is violent attacks in America’s schools are “extremely rare events. The odds that a child will die in school through murder or suicide are less than one in one million” (Olson). Increase in news reports about crime just end up raising viewers’ perception of risk, whether or not there is actual danger (Olson).

The Center for Disease Control has reported that 12 out of every 100,000, or 38,772, Americans were killed by firearm-related injuries in 2016. Approximately, 96 percent of those deaths were a result of gun violence. These numbers are up from 11 out of every 100,000, or 35,299, in 2015 and they continue to increase. My research thus far has show that the link between violent video games and gun violence in America is complex and nearly non-existent. My research question will explore the relationship between violent video games and gun violence and whether their relationship is a correlation or a causation. The resources that will support my thesis will focus on the understanding that violent video games are not a cause of gun violence and that the real issue lies elsewhere.

Research shows gun violence appears in movies can lead children to obtain aggressive behavior (Bushman 2013: 1017). In high-grossing movies, violence contents display more than twice in one hours (Cieply 2013). Furthermore, perpetrators have seen to dress up as some characters in movies ( Bushman 2013: 1015). James Holmes dressed

Declines in reading is growing larger and larger as time goes on. The author showed this by using a survey that was taken in 2002. It stated “declines have been most severe among younger adults… ages 18-24”. If the younger adults arent intrested in reading, then they won’t push that love onto their children one day. This then starts a trend of literature rates droping fast.

In Brad Bushman’s and Rowell Huesmann’s Article Short-term and Long-term Effects of Violent Media on Aggression in Children and Adults from the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine journal, they believe the violent media in video games, tv shows, music, and movies, are affecting behavior in children and adults. Bushman and Huesmann believe that all the violence that has made a more popular appearance in today’s culture is causing for adults and children to be more prone to aggression. They hypothesized that the long-term effects would be greater in children and the short-term effects would be greater in adults, and discovered their hypotheses to be correct. Other articles, such as Beth Stein’s If Violent Video Games are Harmless Fun,

This could be opening the doors to a plethora of other cases and assumptions that can lead to our youth potentially becoming killers. Research was conducted on the exposure of television violence and its effects on kids, organizations like the American Psychological Association, the American Medical Association and the Academy of Pediatrics have concluded that there is a cause and effect relationship amongst those exposed. However, such studies does not demonstrate that media violence causes aggressive behavior, only that the two phenomena exist together (207). This finding was used to make the assumption that it would likely be the case with video games.

When researchers asked one hundred eighteen female, college-aged students to look at twenty pictures in ads from women's magazines, they felt a sudden change in mood after the pictures were observed. There was notable depression in the women, a depression that has seemed to hit many women after leafing through women's magazines (Key and Lindgren 11). This depression is due to the fact there are so many negative messages being conveyed in advertisements that are published in women's magazines. But who can blame the women for their depression anyway? When the majority of the ads in women's magazines show super-skinny models advertising nice clothes, makeup, jewelry, etc., one might find themselves to be a little down. Skinny models portray their figures to be the cultural norm in Western society today. How often does one find a model in a woman's magazine that is over a size six that is not shown advertising plus size merchandise? The answer is not very often, or sometimes never at all. If women do not see their body type being depicted in