Annotated Bibliography Lying And Euphemisms

Lying has is a part of our culture, and it seems as if not a day goes by where you do not lie at all. Our world could not exist as it does, if we lived in a society in which lying did not exist. However as humans, we are prone to lying, because of our need to protect ourselves, or the ones close to us, that we turn to lying in order to either make our lives easier or to avoid problems. Humans have adapted over time into societies where lying is an evolutionary advantage, which has made it a part of our DNA. Even children, as soon as they can talk, are using deception as a way to get what they want, and these children have not even had a chance to learn to lie. Lying also continues throughout our entire lives, because it is not something that we can help, it is a part of who we are. When evaluating the argument Stephanie Ericsson makes in “The Ways We Lie”, regarding the reasons we chose to lie, however it is also important to consider extending the argument to include the idea that lying is not only a daily occurrence, it has also become imbedded into human nature.

Sissela Bok’s book, Lying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Life examines many aspects of moral and ethical influence, and the effects of lying, on individuals and corporations in various walks of life. Each chapter discusses a specific form that lying can take and describes how it intertwines with daily life. Bok’s arguments are grounded, in comprehensive research, tempered with a philosophical treatment, and rendered through the lens of critical thought. To ensure that readers are able to relate to the material, Bok employs social norming to make each chapter easier to grasp. To do this, each chapter is prefaced with two or three quotes, from a wide variety of sources that provides insight

Individuals today lie about hundred times a day, maybe more. Lying is a normal thing in the human mind—but why is it a normal thing. In fact, every individual's conversation they lie about themselves (Meyers). However, Justin Bariso an FBI agent article title “An FBI Agent's 8 Ways to Spot a Liar” introduced that lying is an easy thing to spot, and Justin discuss how there are ways to spot a liar. Bariso states that a liar would ¨open up,¨ and ¨talk quickly,¨ and ¨be repetitive.¨ Lying is a an action because the individual´s embarrassed about the individual's life; therefore, lying can make people protect other from feelings. In the lives of individuals, there are reasons why people lie. Pamela Meyer, in 2011 TED Talk tilted, “How to Spot

Stephanie Ericsson’s essay, “The Ways We Lie” describes the different types of lies that people use daily to avoid conflict, get out of unpleasant situations, and how lying is destructive. From the onset, Ericsson sets the tone of her essay citing personal examples and stating that it is natural to lie under certain circumstances, however we must consider the connotations of our actions. She explains that there are different categories of lies and begins the essay with white lies, justifying that these minor lies are most often used to avoid confrontation sparing people’s feelings. Ericsson then cites a more serious type of lying, such as facades where people create illusions about themselves and their lives, for personal gain. In fact, Ericsson uses a documented case where a Catholic diocese ignored the plain facts covering up the situation because the church was in

In the essay The Ways We Lie, author Stephanie Ericsson writes in depth about the different types of lies used by most people everyday. While listing examples of them, Ericsson questions her own experiences with lying and whether or not it was appropriate. By using hypothetical situations, true accounts, and personal occurrences, she highlights the moral conflicts and consequences that are a result of harmless fibs or impactful deceptions. In an essay detailing the lies told to ourselves and others, Ericsson points out one bold truth; everyone lies. Through her writing, Ericsson causes the reader to look into how they’ve lied in the past and how to effects others and the general greater good of society.

About 60% of adults can't have a ten minute conversation without lying at least once. In the book The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Nighttime by Mark Haddon, a character named Christopher Boone has showed me the ideas of lies. In the story, Christopher suffers from Asperger’s Syndrome, which is a disorder that 68 million people have. This disability makes it harder for Christopher to talk, makes his coordination poorer, both of which might lead to depression. I found that Christopher is lied to on multiple occasions in the book, mostly by people who are closest to him. These lies were usually made for good intentions, fixing broken trust, or to cover up mistakes made.

We exaggerate, we minimize, we avoid confrontation, we spare people’s feelings, we conveniently forget, we keep secrets, we justify lying to the big-guy institutions. ”(Page 472 of Patterns for College Writing). The author analyzes the way individuals use lies to help and hurt themselves in everyday lives. Ericcson writes this essay not single out individuals or censor them, but to make people as a whole really deliberate before lying.

Personality disorders that contribute to pathological lying may also respond to a combined treatment of psychiatric medication and cognitive behavioral therapy. The goal with pathological lying must in the end be to treat any evidence of illness or conditions that may influence the lying. This may include medications and the use of behavioral therapy to help the person overcome compulsive lying. (para. 5)

The universal theme of “lying is apart of everyone’s nature,” is evident quite often in,

Stephanie Ericsson is a novelist. She does a great job explaining why people lie and the different types of lies in her essay “The Ways We Lie.” Ericsson’s essay was first published as the cover story for the Utne Reader magazine in 1993. Ericsson tries to send an important message through her essay: “Lying has influence on nearly everyone we have known.” As she describes her experiences with her partner, child, friend, and bank, the situation becomes very familiar to the readers which have gone through similar situations every day” (31,32,33).

Pamela Meyer in her speech identify different concept of communication through which one can identify a liar. The speaker attributes speech, body language, confidences and other distinctive features that are used to identify a liar. She attributes day-to-day activities as the environments at which liars may exist. The speaker’s ideas are based on assumptions and personal components. The ideas highlighted by the speaker could be applicable to some instances but may fail to reflect the truth of the matter.

Our daily life is effortlessly painted by our ignorance and own deceit and self-deception. Our most prized possession, language, not only strengthens our ability to lie, but also greatly extends it scope. According to the book “The Folly of Fools – The Logic of Deceit and Self-Deception in Human Life,” written by Robert Trivers, we as humans lie to ourselves to better lie to others. In this book, deceit and self-deception are analyzed from different perspectives of life and different perspectives scientifically. The main topics discussed are the evolutionary logic of self-deception, neurophysiology and levels of imposed self-deception, the psychology of self-deception, and self-deception and the structure of social sciences. In the text to follow, I will discuss each category in detail in hopes to better understand why as humans we are deceitful not only to others, but also to ourselves as well.

Lying and deception have been present throughout all of human history. People lie about who they are, what they think, etc. Over the centuries the reasons for lying have stayed the same. When lying and deceiving people have always looked for some kind of reward, it can be money, fame or simply to avoid conflict. However, the methods we use to lie have changed with the creation of the internet. Even though, Shakespeare’s time period had very different views on lying that those today, his book, The Taming of the Shrews, was written to teach us that even though lying is an integral part of ourselves, we must not use it to take advantage of others.

Klaver, Lee, and Rose (2008) conducted a laboratory experiment that investigated individual and situational factors and gender and ethnicity, that may contribute to false confessions behaviour and internalization rates. Individual factors include the impact of personality variables and the effects of “compliance, interrogative suggestibility, self-esteem and locus of control” (p.75). While, situational factors include the plausibility of allegations and interrogative technique used.

The author of “On the Psychology of Self-Deception” is David Shapiro. He currently works as a professor in the department of clinical and school psychology at Nova Southeastern University. The article was originally published in the fall of 1996, with an intended audience of psychology students as well as other psychologists across the field. As the title suggests, the author is writing about the subject of self-deception and how it coincides with many mental disorders. He also warns the viewers of certain subtleties in the form of hope and illusion that are found in situations of self-deception (104). I believe the author has focused his writing towards the level of understanding typical amongst students of psychology. This is drawn from the