Annotated Bibliography On Database Management System

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Creation of tables will solve the updating, adding and deleting problems. For example if we want to update the phone number of a customer we have to change the number in single row of OWNER table and it will update that change in all tables.

This causes an inconsistency in the data since it was only updated in one location and not all locations. Insertion anomalies occur due to the impossibility to store some information unless other information is stored as well. Deletion anomalies are caused by information being deleted that may cause other information to be deleted as well. This means it may not be possible to delete some information without deleting other information as well. That is why it is important to use normalization when creating databases to help alleviate these problems.

In a distributed database system, all the databases or the storage devices are not connected to a single common processing unit like CPU. The various data may be stored at different physical locations in multiple computers that are located in the same physical location; or they may be inter-connected over a network. In other words, distributed database system consists of various data locations but they do not share any physical components.

Our propose approach is single database scan approach which all transactions read only one time. Initially, SIL and PTable are empty. At first time interval transaction $\left\{a,b,g,f\right\}$ is read and updates SIL with items $\left\{a\right\}$, $\left\{b\right\}$, $\left\{g\right\}$ and $\left\{f\right\}$ and set their timeset (TS) value 1 which represents occurred time. In the first row of table \ref{Figure:example1} shows SIL and PTable generated after the first timestamp. After second timestamps the SIL and PTable updated shown in second row of table \ref{Figure:example1} At timestamp three, transactions $\left\{a,b,c,e,f\right\}$ with time 3 updates TS adding time 3 and generated descriptors (D) in SIL. For an item $\left\{a\right\}$

A transaction may not constantly complete its execution successfully. Such a transaction is called as ---------

11. Reviewing the TCO’s will also be a great preparation for the final exam which I have listed below for your

Operational systems are optimized for preservation of data integrity and speed of recording of business transactions through use of database normalization and an entity-relationship model. Operational system designers generally follow the Codd rules of database normalization in order to ensure data integrity. Relational databases are efficient at managing the relationships between these tables. The databases have very fast insert/update performance because only a small amount of data in those tables is affected each time a transaction is processed. Finally, in order to improve performance, older data are usually periodically purged from operational systems.

Most database ensure that they follow the ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) properties to ensure the transactions are reliable. The studies show that stores that guarantee ACID property generally have poor availability. As a result, Dynamo focusses on application that have weaker consistency.

31) The transaction boundaries are the essential information that the DBMS needs from the application programs to enforce different locking strategies.

Relational database contains data records that do not have a preset of relationships, permitting the user to define his or her relationship when accessing the data. Since users have much control over the data being accessed, relational databases can perform a variety of tasks. Such as defining the database; querying the database; adding, editing, and deleting data from the database; modifying the structure of the database; securing data from public access; communicating within the network; and exporting and importing data (Murthy, 2008).

Relational database normalization entails organizing database and it includes the creation of tables as well as relationships establishment between the tables using designed rules intended to protect the data as well as make the database to be flexible. This is achieved through the elimination of redundancy as well as inconsistent dependency. Redundant data is known to waste the space of the disk thereby creating problems of

By having controlling consistency data redundancy data consistency can be obtained. When updating data in File based system it has to be done in every occasion necessary and failure to update on 1 file may have lot of problems on using them. But in DBMS it has to be done only once ad data will be available to all the users.

Since the beginning of big data, there has always been an extensive amount of work required of the database administrators that build and maintain their systems. A trending new technology is making great strides as of lately in reducing the repetitive or mundane tasks that take up the employees’ valuable time. The advent of automation in database maintenance has a promising outlook in making regular procedures more efficient.

Providing Serializability is one of the most common feature of the present day databases. The most important transaction property among ACID properties of transactions is the Isolation. Isolation gives a misconception to each transaction that is independent of other transactions and is executed separately whereas in reality, the transactions are executed concurrently in background. In order to provide isolation, the concept of serialization is used by DBMS.