Annotated Bibliography On Developmental Genes And Cancer

1. Most cancers incidence peak among children occurs during the first year of life. Some of the most well-known nationwide childhood cancers are leukemia, brain cancer, and other central nervous system cancers. The side effects of treatment, which range from heart disease to brain

For Cici published a note. Persuasive speech regarding Childhood Cancer Awareness Specific Purpose: To convince my audience that childhood cancer is much more common than widely believed, and that action must be taken to increase awareness and funding for research Introduction I.

Since the DNA is passed down from parent to offspring, the risk of developing certain diseases, including cancer is passed down as well; the DNA is divided down into genes. Cancer cell growth is a result of abnormal cell growth after there has been an error in the cells DNA, thus causing a mutation. Cancers can be caused by DNA mutations that activate oncogenes or inactivate tumor suppressor genes. In many cases, genetic testing can be used to see if someone has one of these mutations. Most bone cancers are not caused by inherited DNA mutations. They are the result of mutations acquired during the person’s lifetime. These mutations may result from exposure to radiation or cancer-causing chemicals, but most often they occur for no apparent reason. Scientists are making progress in understanding this process but there are still some points that are not completely understood. As their knowledge increases, they hope to develop ways to better prevent and treat bone cancers (Cancer.org).

Certain genes that were mutated in parent can dramatically increase the risk of developing certain cancer that run in families. For example BRCA gene are tumor suppressor gene a mutation that can occur in one of these gene in parents cause tumor in progeny, as it no longer suppresses abnormal growth and causes cancerous cell proliferation. (Bahcall O et al.,2013)

The article begins by introducing us to the early studies and theories proposed in the 1960’s on cancer. Peter Duesberg gives us the process of which he and other researchers went through to see how cancer works. During his study of cancer in the 1960’s he believed that cancer (in most forms) were caused by viruses. He and his colleagues began to go further into this idea by researching on a virus called avian Rous sarcoma. They managed to isolate a gene within the virus called src that caused the virus to make tumors. In later years they discovered that this gene was already present in an organism’s DNA. This discovery proposed a new theory. There must be a mutation or trigger that happened in our very own versions of src to cause cancer.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death across the world; it accounts for 1 in 4 deaths in the world, and claims more than 1,500 lives a day. There are many origins of cancer for cancer such as tobacco, sun and UV exposure, and chemical radiation. The most imminent threat is the product that we make that causes cancer. In this paper, I will be researching the man-made causes of cancer. The cancer epidemic is due to the industrial chemicals in the environment because of the chemicals that are not discarded properly, car exhaust, and nuclear power plant.

Understanding cancer and prevention at early age is very important especially in early life. “Health disparities signifies a difference I aces, utilization, quality of care, health status, health environment, or health outcomes between groups” (S. Buchbinder and N. Shanks). The risks of cancer in early life include: childhood obesity, maternal alcohol consumption, benzene exposure, allergies, asthma, high or low birth weight, early pubertal timing and exposure to radiation. Vulnerable population has a greater risk of having cancer in early life but addressing risk factors can advance opportunities to promote health equity and reduce the risk of cancer development. According to National Cancer Institute, “African Americans are more than twice

According to American Cancer Society, childhood cancer is cancer of children. There are many type of cancers like leukemia, brain and spinal tumor, neuroblastoma, wilms tumor, lymphomas, rhabdomyosarcoma, retinoblastoma, and bone cancers. These are common cancers in children so they are called childhood

Cancer can arise due to multiple causes, however knowing and avoiding some cancer causing substances may prevent many cancers. A major known cause of cancer cases is due to environmental and lifestyle factors. Examples of environmental and lifestyle factors that can increase the chances of cancer includes: cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, poor diet and lack of exercise, excessive sunlight exposure, and engaging in risky sexual behaviors which can increase exposure to certain viruses (Huether & McCance, 2012, p. 253).

Cancer is caused inside the human body by changes or mutations to DNA in the cell. Mutations are able to command a healthy cell to grow and divide exponentially, all with the same mutation. Mutations lack the controls or tumor suppressor genes that tell them when to stop growing, thus allowing the cancer cells to multiply (Mayo Clinic Staff). These are just some of the mutations that are possible within cells, which can lead to cancer. Gene mutations can be inherited from parents, such as the BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 gene. Both BRCA genes together account for 20- 25% of hereditary breast cancers (“BRCA1”). There are known cancer causing chemicals called carcinogens which people may be exposed to on a daily basis. A person may have a predisposition to cancer, but it doesn’t necessarily mean he or she will develop cancer. Occasionally, the inherited gene mutation is supplemented by the carcinogen, making a person more likely to develop cancer when exposed (Mayo Clinic

Cancer begins when normal cells change, and begin to grow abnormally and uncontrollably. These cells divide rapidly and destroy surrounding body tissue. In many cases, the cells join together, forming a solid mass called a tumor. Tumors can grow, invade nearby tissue, or break apart, allowing cancerous cells to travel to different parts of the body. Childhood cancer begins with the same process, but can behave differently than adult cancers, even if they begin in the same part of the body. Cancer in children can occur anywhere in the body, including the blood and lymph node system, the brain and other parts of the central nervous system, and the kidneys. The most common form of childhood cancer is Leukemia, which is the cancer of the bone marrow and blood (Cancer.net, 2014).

Cancer, one of the most feared words in our vocabulary of this time, especially in childhood (Druker 1). Most people when thinking of “childhood cancer” envision very young children, although a “Nation Institute of Health Policy concerning inclusion of children in clinical research defines children as being younger than twenty-one years of age while the Food and Drug Administration considers children to be fifteen years and younger” (Ries 158). That being said, most cancers incidence peak among children occurs during the first year of life (Gurney 149). Some of the most well-known nationwide childhood cancers are leukemia, brain cancer, and other central nervous system cancers (oeconline 1). In conjunction, “the side effects of treatment,

Background: Mrs. Jones has recently been diagnosed with stomach cancer. She has begun treatment but is curious about why cancer is a genetic disease. She has tried to understand what the doctors are saying and has even done some research herself but remains confused. Below is the conversation.

The inheritance manner of causation of cancer involves numerous genetic, environmental, medical, and lifestyle factors. The understanding of such is ameliorating, which will assist in cancer prevention, screening, and treatment. This in turn, will identify at hazard individual 's, indicating malignancies, discovering treatments customized for specific cancer variations, and detail future therapeutic treatments.

For this assignment we have been asked to pick a group-one carcinogen from the International Agency on Cancer also known by the abbreviation “IARC” and then research peer-reviewed journal articles that support the relationship between the carcinogen and the cancer that it causes. For this assignment, I have chosen the well-known relationship between Benzene and cancer. Before completing the research into the relationship between Benzene and cancer we must first research and describe the chemical Benzene.