Annotated Bibliography On Lte Deployment

The ultimate goal of every wireless company is to minimize its coverage-hole area, which can be done by adding more cell tower. However, the major challenge is to deal with the political factor – zoning. In the area where residences of the community are eager to preserve land and historical values is most likely very difficult for Sprint to place its cell tower equipment. In the next five years, zoning will be even more difficult for Sprint to fill-in those coverage holes. Sprint has long term strategy to face with this unavoidable challenge. The company expects to spend more time and money in constructing visual-friendly stealth structures, i.e. stealth trees and vaulted equipment underground.

Identify where additional antennas, access points, or repeaters may be needed to provide even levels of coverage and capacity.

We take an example of Grand Forks city where we would like to deploy Small Cell networks. Let’s consider the Grand Forks city area shown in Figure (a) is covered by an operator (e.g., Verizon, AT&T) networks, where a single Macro Cell can support maximum N number of customers and get maximum $M of revenues. Now according to the proposed plan, 7 Micro Cells (i.e., Small Cells) will be deployed within the Macro Cell, where each Micro Cell can support same amount of customers as Macro cell, shown in Figure (b). So the total network capacity will be increased by 7 times and the operator will gets 7 times more revenues. In the same way we can deploy 7 Pico or Femtocell (i.e., Small Cells) within each Micro cell, where each Pico or Femtocell can

GoFone’s network is operating off Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS), which is 3rd generation wireless cellular technology. GoFone will deploy its UMTS network on the 900MHz frequency. UMTS technology is mainly based off of Wide Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) affords; GoFone the opportunity to offer features such as mobile wireless Internet, email and other services. The use of UMTS allows for

This can be a problem as more devices connect to and use a network the more data they use and can cause a network to become congested. A solution to reduce congestion is to use many small wireless receivers within the range of a large tower to spread out the devices upon smaller more confined networks when within cities and high density areas. And simply using long range low capacity towers when in the country side and places where fewer devices will be on a network at any given time, this is a combination of macro cells and micro cells to ensure network stability.

The cellular technology has developed a long way from its existence in the early 1980’s. In the past few decades it has grown into one of the biggest market with the rise of cell phone users, the cellular network providers and cell phone makers have grown in immense amount. Cellular technologies have evolved from first generation (1G), second generation (2G), third generation (3G) and to its current technology which is fourth generation (4G) which is also known as Long Term Evolution (LTE).

Sending and receiving simultaneously information to and from the base station is desirable among wireless communication systems. Equipping these base stations with smart antenna arrays enable beam steering in contrast to sectorized single antenna systems. This make possible to Base Stations to send data to specific users on the down-link or to receive directed data on the up-link by reusing channels within a cell for Mobile Stations (MS), spatially separated by smart antenna arrays.

In this paper, it gives description about 4G network, architecture and discuss about functions of each layer. It is evident that 4G technologies will expand on web-based communication around the world. 4G technology will allow for improved applications such as telemedicine that may save lives. It is a fully imp-based network and will improve data transfer dramatically. Signal disruptions will be minimal and downloads will be done in a matter of seconds, faster than ever before. Within few days 4G network may replace all existing 2G, 2.5G, 3G networks and it

The evolution of mobile telephone system can be classified into different generation based on the level of maturity in technology. This classification does not depend on any standardized facts. The purpose of this paper is to provide the history of mobile communication and provide an overview of 4G and its features, architecture, key technologies and challenges.

Femtocells are fully featured, short range mobile phone base stations used to complement mobile phone services from larger macrocell towers. These range from very compact residential femtocells to larger equipment used inside offices or public spaces. They offer excellent mobile phone coverage and data speeds at all the places. Femtocells have been developed for 3G and also the newer 4G/LTE radio technologies.

Throughput: provide 1000x more available throughput in aggregate, as well as 10x more speed to individual end users, in order to enable fully immersive experiences. This may require the integration of new forms of broadcast services.

users with high data rates, and to provide a wider range of services, such as

capacity on the 2G RF (radio frequency) channels and to introduce higher throughput for data

3G network will not be able to withstand the bandwidth intensive services being planned to be offered by mobile operators, even with only a small number of subscribers utilizing the service within a service area.

This project report is being presented on GSM NETWORK OPERATION where are studying different nodes like MSC, BSC, RNC and other GSM node .We are also being given a demonstration in the Data Center where servers are present. The GSM is a method of cellular communication which has a facility of voice communication and also data .The transmission of data was not good because data rate or speed that is why 3G was developed for delivering of data.