Annotated Bibliography On Unreliable Software

The consequences of having a large footprint of unreliable / misconfigured hardware is pretty significant in that through one single action of hardware failure, the system can be brought to a standstill pending diagnosis and

Reliability refers to system live time, that is, system is running efficiently most of the time. Availability is the probability that the system is continuously available (usable or accessible) during a time interval.

The reliability of a system can be improved through the introduction of redundancy in the system. Some of the examples of redundancy in the operation are as below:

This type of failure can only happen on a distributed system. An example of this is: in a distributed system, 1 computer sends a message to another computer either asking the computer if it’s responsive, requesting information from the computer, or replying back to the other computer that asked if it is responsive. This can cause problems when computer A sends computer B a message asking if it’s responsive, however the message never gets to computer B therefore computer B never responds and computer A assumes that computer B is down.

MPI: The fault-tolerance mechanism in MPI depends either on handling failure in the application itself or implementing regular checkpoint files.

An IT implementation process can be long and tedious, or short and simple, depending on the size and needs of an organization. While implementing this process it is important to understand the roles and responsibilities of each step. Sometimes when the process is not thought out correctly, IT failures happen. IT failures are common reasons that systems do not work, or have many flaws.

For example, people who are working with Windows Vista find that whenever they try to install programs or applications, they get a message that says the Error 2343 – Cannot install applications and programs. People try to solve the issue by running windows in safe mode, uninstalling the windows and reinstalling it, and at times by

Faults are a precise interaction of hardware and software that can be fixed given enough time.

The last point of criteria the software should include is 24/7 tech support, the system will contain delicate information and if any crashes happen a support technician should be able to handle the situation.

Faults occur in every system which may halt the systems functionality. A fault that presents different symptoms to different observers is called a Byzantine fault. These Byzantine faults form the reason for the loss of a system service and are called Byzantine failures. A Byzantine failure may occur due to arbitrary problems like corruption in their local state, production of incorrect outputs or by processing requests incorrectly instead of the general situations like crashing or stopping. The ability of a system to defend itself from Byzantine failures is called Byzantine fault tolerance which is a sub-field of fault tolerance.

Malfunction: software malfunction is mostly caused by poor development practices where security has not been built in the software development life cycle but rather incorporated at a latter phase when the software is already fully developed. By doing this, most of the vulnerabilities won’t be handled which latter leads to either crash or malfunctioning of the software, whereby the attacker has an easy time breaking into the system and causing damage or customer’s data disclosure.

Dependability means do things on time. Dependability means well management and coordination with each operation ensuring other process. are reliable, such as delivering right material or information on time, correct foreseeing and planning the facilities, reorder and workforce. It leads to more effective operation. It effectively arranging the facilities, information, material, workforce, money and time to ensure all of them can be available at any time, saves the time to wait or to look for the other substitutes. Dependability arrangement reduces the chance of repeating input resources or some resources leaving unused increasing the cost of maintain or store fee, or labor cost.

Now a day’s Information Technology plays an important role in every field whether it is in big Multinational companies, or in Hospital or in school, colleges, bank etc. It is having a wide range. Every field is now a system oriented where each and every person should have knowledge of basic computer. Information technologies also important to beat the competition in various industries. In our survey report we are going to survey and test the reliability of hardware, networks and software in information technology field. Information technology is a combination of Hardware, software and Networks. It is an combining of technology, users and

As a ramification, it is difficult for human operators to anticipate faults within the system and prevent and manage the risks incurred by an operational accident accordingly, making them “incomprehensible”. Therefore, organisational accidents in complex systems are inevitable as despite defensive measures implemented to mitigate their risk, such as the training of operators and regular maintenance, the fragile design of the systems is the core reason why accidents occur.

Any software that is faulty or has bugs in it that causes errors in the system can be the cause of software failure. We face all types of software failures and they affect everyone in some way. There are many software products that fails every day. Software failures do a lot of harm to everyone. The impact of a software failure products can have devastating consequences in today’s world (Clitherow, 2010). Following various events in recent years, regulatory responses, especially in financial service sector brings the focus to understand the importance of IT production and recovery as a way to protect and maintain service.