Annotated Bibliography Summary

The lack of mental health services available to the mentally-ill and the deinstitutionalization of mental health hospitals have created a public health concern. These issues along with a failed continuum of care plans and a lack of community mental health services have been major contributing factors to homelessness. In addition, the strict guidelines for psychiatric hospitalization are critical when analyzing homelessness. In many cases, only the critically ill are meeting clinical criteria for hospitalization, leaving those who have significant mental health problems to fend for themselves. The link between homelessness and mental health is acknowledged but requires reform.

In the United States the homeless population continues to grow rapidly. Homelessness has been a public health issue for many decades. Often times these individuals feel as though society has turned a blind eye to them. This at risk population is seen by society as lazy or chose to live a life on the streets, but if one would examine this population closely would see that there is more to this at risk population than what society has labeled them as. The forces, which affect homelessness, are multifaceted. Social forces such as family breakdown, addictions, and mental illnesses are in combined with structural forces such as lack of low-cost housing, insufficient health services, and poor economic conditions. Many would

The United States of America is the place known to many as the land of the free, home of the brave, and the place to start a better life. With any place that has good qualities, some have not so good qualities. The homeless population in the United States is at a staggering high, and many individuals are suffering because many lack employment/financial resources, housing resources, support from family and friends, and others negligence; such as natural disasters or fires. Homeless individuals may have no other choice than to live on the streets, trains, and alley ways to name a few places where homeless people seek shelter. The history of homelessness, social problems, demographics, common clinical

They tend to think that nobody cares about them, they have nothing to look forward to. In addition, according to this study, most homeless individuals considered economic problems to be the cause of their homelessness; such as a losing a house or job leading them into debt. It demonstrates that individuals with mental illness have more difficulty transitioning from homelessness than do either normal individuals or individuals with cognitive disabilities. It also shows that the cause of homelessness was caused by having family issues, which individuals with mental illness had more struggles with escaping homelessness than individuals without mental disabilities. Homelessness is not a simple economic problem; rather, it is a loss of all support, including family relationships and friendships. If these individuals had not lost their close relationships with others, they would not have been homeless. They could of have been able to get some help from professionals, such as a doctor or counselor. It might be considered that homeless individuals with cognitive disabilities or mental illnesses have undesirable human relationships because of their disabilities.

How many people are homeless in the United States, why are they homeless, and what percentage of homeless people are negatively impacted by mental illness? These issues will be presented in this paper.

A Pathways Project study found that two out of three homeless people in the country suffer from a form of chronic mental illness for which they need treatment (Wells, 2009). Secondly, socioeconomic adversity includes shortages such as low education, job loss, and eviction (Bradford, 2009). Lastly, traumatic experiences such as domestic violence causing psychological trauma are a predisposition to homelessness (Bradford, 2009).

The authors of the article I chose “Childhood Sexual Abuse, Distress, and Alcohol-Related Moderation by Drinking to Cope” were Kathryn Z. Smith, Phillip H. Smith and Emily R. Grekin. And their hypotheses was “childhood sexual abuse would be associated with distress, but that this distress would only be associated with problem drinking among those who scored high on coping motives for drinking”. Found on page four of ten. They started with the hypothesis that distress would mediate the pathway between childhood sexual abuse and problem drinking. Also that the pathway between distress and problem drinking would be moderated by coping motives for drinking. They used path analyses to examine the moderated-mediation.

Homelessness for the mentally ill in America is disproportionately represented when compared to the remaining population. According to a report from the National Coalition for the Homeless, “only 6% of Americans are severely mentally ill,” while “20 to 25% of the homeless population in the United States suffers from some form of severe mental illness” (National Coalition for the Homeless). The exorbitant rate is exacerbated by the difficulties faced by the mentally ill regarding steady employment and maintenance of healthy relationships. There is a strong interrelation between homelessness and risks of incarceration. This correlation is more robust among the mentally ill. The National Health Care for the Homeless Council issued four major policy

The main purpose of this article is to examine various research on the etiology of stuttering. The experimental research explored various brain circuitries involved, specifically the the basal ganglia. Furthermore, the meta-analysis discussed neuroimaging, lesion, pharmacological, and genetic studies on the neural circuitries connected to persistent developmental stuttering and acquired neurogenic stuttering.

Ackerman, W. (2000). The Americanization of Israeli Education. Israel Studies, 5(1), 228-243. Retrieved from http://www.liberty.edu:2048/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/30245536

Decreased percentage of maturity, and the ones that did mature did so abnormally increasing the odds for the birth defect down syndrome.

A longitudinal study conducted by Rofey et al. (2009) assessed the relationship of childhood depression and anxiety to weight gain. The purpose of this study was to examine the "relationships between mood disorders and weight in children" (Rofey et al., 2009 p.524).

In fact, nearly one-third of the homeless population are schizophrenic or have manic-depressive illnesses. Schizophrenia, however, is very treatable and manageable if given the appropriate guidance and attention. Also, many of the homeless are also willing to get help, contrary to popular belief. In addition to mental illness, half of the homeless who have a severe mental illness also suffer from substance abuse. What these mentally ill need are patient mentors and professionals who are willing to take the time to help these homeless people get back on track. It is shown that the homeless who have mental illnesses have a higher chance of recovery if they have a stable, supportive place to

Following the release of individuals with mental and physical disabilities from psychiatric hospitals in the 1960’s, large quantities of convalescents relocated to programs of community-based care, several individuals became isolated and obtained homelessness. While this dilemma expanded, vagrancy became acknowledged as a community health issue, that may be approached through mental wellness supports (Bassuk, 1984; Rossi, 1990). In the beginning of the 2000’s, the United States government started to encourage society to develop foundations and courses of action to combat the epidemic of homelessness (National Alliance to end Homelessness, 2014). According to the U.S Department of Housing and Urban Development (2016), roughly 550,000 individuals

Understanding how both individual and structural factors contribute to and sustain homelessness is a critical factor in successfully addressing homelessness. All to often service providers blame homeless individuals for the circumstances they are in, making assumptions that substance abuse or other irresponsible behaviors have caused the problems leading to the individual to become homeless. Hoffman and Coffey (2008) suggest, “the perpetuation of homelessness is not internal to the homeless individual as many claim, but rather may be embedded in the service industry itself, which subjects both clients and providers to bureaucratic forms of authority and experiences of disrespect.” While not all homeless people suffer from mental illness or substance abuse, all of