Annotated Bibliography on Wellness Programs Essay

I had the pleasure of observing a counseling session between Mrs. Natalie Porta, RD, LDN and a twelve year old male with his mother. The male’s pediatrician was concerned that the patient had gained a tremendous amount of wait from his last visit. The boy wanted to lose weight and change his eating habits. He mentioned that during the week at school he eats the schools lunch they provide and he brings a snack from home. He also mentioned that sometimes at home he has to cook whatever is available because his parents work a lot. Mainly he said he eats fast food a lot due to availability and the convenience for his parent’s busy schedules. The main strategy’s Mrs. Porta chose was goal setting and educating him and his parent on ways he can diet. After counseling the patient, the boy agreed to change his

Most parents in this world struggle with teaching their children how to eat properly and

1. Activity level and food choices are influenced by family members. If the parents adopt healthy eating habits, then the child will form these habits as well and could likely carry that into adulthood.

Nowadays, when people emphasis more and more on healthy lifestyles, both exercise and food intake have become a big part of the consideration. With the goals of being fit and losing weight, some people eat irregularly or do not eat at all. As a result, eating disorders seem more often on news and reports. However, some people still view it as a joke. With the increasing number of people diagnosed with eating disorders, people should raise awareness on the effects of eating disorders and treat them seriously.

2.1. Identify the level and type of support an individual requires when eating and drinking

Parents influence children 's eating behaviors because they choose food choices for their families, serve as models, and reinforce eating patterns. Parenting practices are also influenced by the child’s traits like, age, gender, weight status, and eating behavior. It is influenced by the age because as the child gets older, their image of themselves change. Parents and children affect and react to each others eating behavior. Although the parent selects food choices for there family, the FITS study suggests that “bigger is better” when it comes to food. The portion size and energy density

Eating habits are developed from the first couple of years of a child’s life, and parents must be sure to implement a well-balanced diet so that their children get the sufficient amount of nutrients that our bodies require. Other studies conducted by CDC.gov suggest that if parent consume fruits and vegetables around their children’s, chances are that the children will adopt the healthy way of eating from their parents and their chances of becoming overweight or obese decrease.

Childhood obesity is not just an issue that American’s are dealing with—it has become an epidemic. Today, about one in three American kids and teens are overweight or obese. Most Americans blame fast food companies for the rise in childhood obesity which has tripled in the past 70 years. American citizens point their fingers at fast food franchises because of the increasing rate of childhood obesity; Americans do not realize that it is most likely the parents who are to blame because parents are the root of children’s biggest role models, parenting style, and parent’s behaviors.

Despite being the most prevalent eating disorder amongst individuals with developmental disabilities and may occur in as many as 25%-33% of children, there is much that is still unknown about pica. There has been little advancement in finding out what causes this disorder and because of that, treating and even diagnosing pica can be difficult. In addition to that, pica can have health consequences that range from mild to severe so, when coupled with the difficulty in treatment and lack of breakthrough research, pica has the potential to be an extremely dangerous disorder.

Anita case reflects the perfect example of an eating disorder included in the DSM-5 in one single category called feeding and eating disorders. “Three disorders - pica, rumination disorder and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder- typically begin in infancy or childhood, often among children with intellectual disabilities” (Oltmanns & Emery, 2015, p263).

Prevention researchers distinguish among universal interventions (delivered to all members of a population), selective interventions (delivered to segments of a population identified as being at high risk for a particular outcome), and indicated interventions (delivered to individuals already showing signs of a particular risk). Some interventions operate across these levels, depending on need and risk. Interventions may also focus on a range of ages. Those that focus on young children tend to have comparatively stronger effects, Gonzales observed, because younger children are more malleable. It is often possible to have broader impact on a range of risks with early intervention. Home visits to new mothers, designed to instill positive parent-child interactions from the beginning, is an early intervention that has shown promise. Effects for this approach include reduced physical

Feeding and eating disorders seem to spread throughout different types. For instance, the majority of individuals with intellectual disabilities display behavioral feeding and eating disorder problems, and proximately 70% of children who suffer from autism seem to have very selective eating habits3. 15% of children that have Gastreophageal reflux have feeding disorders and can even have food refusal4. Another interesting finding is that in 45% of children feeding disorder has been estimated to occur. Because of a high percentage, it is recommended that speech-language pathologists are fully aware.

However, it is likely to be more difficult to manage in children who are developmentally hindered and is the most prevalent eating disorder in people with developmental disabilities. Unfortunately, pica is often unrecognized and underreported in the United States and its correct prevalence and etiology is unknown. There is no specific way to prevent pica. However, careful attention to eating habits and close guidance of children known to put things in their mouths may help catch the disorder before complications can occur. Currently, there are no medical treatments specifically for Pica but behavioral strategies are considered the most effected treatment. Multidisciplinary methods with physicians, psychologists, and social workers are suggested for successful treatment. Some behavioral strategies include sensory reinforcement, antecedent manipulation, overcorrection, differential reinforcement of other or incompatible behaviors, self-protection devices that prohibit placement of objects in the mouth, and training in discrimination between edible and nonedible

An example of how involved the parents are in this treatment is seen in Abbie’s story. Abbie, at her low point, weighed only 68 pounds at 17 years old. Usually dinner was a struggle for the entire family as Abbie tried almost anything to avoid food. She would literally squeeze butter out of toast and wipe it on her hands like lotion; all so she could keep away from putting anything with caloric content into her mouth. Then Abbie’s parents learned of the Maudsley Method and started her in it. Shortly after starting the program, her parents had her wearing white gloves to dinner. The objective was that the food went in its entirety into her mouth not on or under the table or massaged into her skin. The gloves were to be clean at the end of the

Discuss research that has investigated effects of parental feeding practices on the development of children 's eating behaviour