Annotated Bison Research Paper

In 1873, the winchester rifle was made, or “the gun that won the West.” “The perfection of modern breech-loading rifles” was one of the biggest reasons why the bison population decreased exponentially. As a result of this technology, one hunter would have able to kill thousands of bison in one season. This number accounts for a huge drop in the population of the bison. “[W]hite hunters who arrived on the trains killed hundreds of buffalo for sport or to obtain their valuable hides, often shooting from railcar windows.” Hunters on the way to the west often killed herds of bison running alongside the train. This accounts for a medium sized decrease in the population of the bison. As a direct result of the perfection guns, hunters could kill many more bison than they once could. Because it was so easy to kill the bison, the population of the bison dropped astronomically with two

In 1883, the last of the bison herds were killed. Black Elk could not understand why the Wasichus would kill animals without using everything it had to offer. That year Black Elk said, "All our people now were settling down in square gray houses, scattered here and there across this hungry land, and around them the Wasichus had drawn a line to keep them in. The nation's hoop was broken, and there was no center any longer for the flowering tree. The people were in despair.” (BES, p. 213-214) In 1886, as part of a show, Black Elk traveled to London to study the Wasichus and their way of life. By studying

The American Bison, more commonly known as the Buffalo is a humpbacked wild ox. Historically, the American bison played an important role in the Great Plains. They graze on native grasses and actually disturb the soil with their hooves which allows plant and animal species to flourish. Prairie dogs prefer areas grazed by bison where the grass is short so they can keep a lookout for hungry predators, and wolves once relied on bison herds as a major food source. Today, wild bison are beginning to return, mainly in national parks but they still need to more room to roam as they are still being hunted outside the park’s safe borders.

The buffalo were evidently everything to the Native Americans, hereby causing the defeat of buffalo to fall hand in hand with theirs. The plains Indians used bison as not only food, but in religious rituals, for clothing, for hunting, for shelter, and more. The buffalo were an integral part of the native’s lives. In the aftermath of the increasing killings of bison, the lives of countless Native Americans were destroyed. The said 30-60 million buffalo which had roamed freely upon the Great

Wild horses and burros are starving in the ten western states consisting of Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, and Wyoming. The Grazing service combined with General Land office creating the Bureau of Land Management. The Bureau of Land Management or BLM manages, protects, and controls the wild horse and burro population under the 1971 Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act. This law authorizees the BLM to regulate the population to sustain a healthy environment. The wild horses and burros are found in herd management areas across the ten western states. The estimated total wild horses and burros in California is 8,316 with the maximum limit of 2,200. In Nevada, 34,531 wild horses and burros are

Restoration of the Bison is something that has been going on for the past two decades. As a matter of fact, several Native American tribes have come together to form the Inter Tribal Bison Cooperative (ITBC) which has been set out to bring bison back onto the American plains in the midwest. Bison have an intimate relationship in the traditions and rituals of Native Americans. The importance of bison within the culture has made bringing back the bison an important issue in the preservation of wildlife. However, some of the arguments made by the ITBC show that the bison's economic value should be the main factor why they should be brought back. Yet others involved in this cause suggest that buffalo restoration

The Native Americans developed their cultures, communities and way of life around the buffalo. About 24 to 28 Native American tribes had figured out how to use the buffalo in 52 different ways for food, supplies, and war. The hooves, for example, are boiled to use as glue. The humpback is, that part of the buffalo is really kind of sturdy, and so it's used for making shields, the hides for making a teepee.( The buffalo was indeed the most important resource for them. In Document 5 it show how much the Native American relied on the buffalo for for everything for example they used the buffalo’s tongue for hair brushes and their bones, for silverware, dice and brushes. After the Americans killed most of them they had to move to reservations or they wouldn’t be able to survive. In 1870 the American hunters killed at least 100 million buffalo a year. By the 1880s, the buffalo were dying out and most plains peoples were being forced onto reservations. The Native American people were not happy going to reservations but that's the only way they could survive do to their number one food supply dying out. The Natives lost a lot of the land from the

The Plain Natives consisting primarily of Blackfoot, Arapaho, Cheyenne, Crow, Kiowa, Lakota, saw the bison a sacred animal because it provided almost everything they needed to survive. A good bison kill would weigh about 2,000 pounds, 800 pounds of which was good to eat. The natives could use the bladder and stomach to store water and keep meet fresh, the hides were used as cover for teepees and the various bones as weapons. The Plain Natives believed that the bison were created by the Great Spirit for the soul purpose of keeping their tribes alive, making them cherish the bison as a literal life line. In Jones’s book, Jones depicts his encounter with Chief Big Indian of the Cheyenne tribe. In this way when Jones shows Chief Big Indian where a herd of bison was, Chief Big Indian was ecstatic with excitement, and signaled the rest of his hunters that he had found a herd. Within half an hour, 100 Indians came from miles away to the signaled spot. Every able-bodied man from the tribe was out hunting for bison. This shows how important the bison were for the natives. When a single herd of bison was sighted it was so important that every man in the tribe would leave their wives and children at risk to hunt down the herd.

Oscar Zeta Acosta was a powerful activist in East Los Angeles. In “The Autobiography of a Brown Buffalo,” Acosta describes his life after moving to East LA, where he attended law school in San Francisco and became an attorney and counselor in the Legal Aid Society, helping women who were abused by their husbands. Not finding himself in this daily routine he quit his job and eventually ended up in in East LA where he was greatly involved in the Chicano Movements. He described himself and along with his fellow Chicano race the “Brown Buffalos,” comparing his kind to a herd that meant no harm yet can kill with a stampede. Although, they were no threat they were still slaughtered for the pleasure of others, “hanged as trophies.”

As you can see the dairy cow should be in milk for around 305 days a year and have a drying off period of around 60 days. After calving the cow should be back in calf after 85 days, this is to keep the ratio of 1 calf/ cow/ year. This ratio will get the highest yield out of the cow and keep a good profit margin for the farmer.

[pic]we also noticed the different types of tools used to hunt from the lowest level to the most current level and retouched flakes prevailed during all periods we have determined by our excavations. This was a favorite weapon to hunt and perhaps used to hunt larger preys found in the area. The use of end scraper also prevailed for many years and it was probably used to tear up the skin to cover themselves in the cold winter time. Other tools were also found, but a significant lower number.

Prior to the last ice age, the entire region of the Great Plains is believed to have been an inland sea known as the Western Interior Seaway. As this seaway receded, large animals including mammoths and saber toothed tigers lived in the area. The majority of these animals became extinct to the region around 13,000 years ago during one of the ice ages.

Abd El-Shaffy and G. A. Abd El-Rahman.  El-Nor, Khalif and El-Shaffy are from the Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.  Khattab and El-Sayed are from the Animal Production Department Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra Al-Kheimah, Cairo, Egypt.  The last author El-Rahman is from the Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University.  All that was just listed was the source of authority that these authors have in their country.  These authors or professors are well-prepared to write about this topic because they talk about the whole experiment.  They inform the reader about what was done in the experiment and what came out of the experiment.  This article came from Revista Veterinaria.  The intended readers are possibly Buffalo breeders to see what is the best way to feed the calf and what milk is the most nutritious.  Also people that are interested in this topic can read this article as well.  There

He was not in any important sense being wasteful. Today, with only a few bison left, we would be appalled at such behavior” (Hardin).

Buffalo are very large animals that can stand 65 inches at the shoulder and weigh to 1760 pounds. They have horns that and grow to 1.5 m. They live in open plains full of shade and water. They graze on the grass and drink regularly.