Annotated Essay : Reviving Soil

In William Cronon’s book Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England, he discuses the ecological history of New England from the late sixteenth century to the early nineteenth century. He demonstrates how the New Englanders changed the land by illustrating the process of the change in the landscape and the environment. In the Preface Cronon states, “My thesis is simple: the shift from Indian to European dominance in New England entailed important changes—well known to historians—in the ways these people organized their lives, but it also involved fundamental reorganizations—less well-known to historians—in the region's plant

Veggies, fruits, flowers oh my! Gardens have all of these wonderful, healthy, goodness! Let’s start out with the supplies we need for a delicious garden! For the soil you should buy Miracle Grow if you want your plants to stay healthy and grow large. Fruits, vegetable, and flowers already in plastic pots are a faster and easier way to grow a garden. Also, a pot with a hole in it (for the water to drain in) or the soil outside works best for a place to grow the garden. Another thing is a plastic plate to put under the pot so the water doesn’t get everywhere. The final supplies needed are a watering pot and some water.

“So it goes with me day by day and age by age, I tell myself. Locked in the deadly progression of moon and stars. I shake my head, muttering darkly on shaded paths, holding conversation with the only friend and comfort this world offers, my shadow.” (Gardener 8)

Poor soil management can lead to biological, chemical, and physical degradation, which can in turn negatively alter the activity of

dad,” whom “had inherited the extra farm” that Ty had farmed for six years (12). His good

(Unknown, 2016) Each plant has its own tolerance levels towards salt. Salt water can also have a negative impact on plant growth if too much salt is absorbed by the plant. At lower salinity levels, the effects are not always apparent, but they still exist. Salt reduces a plant's ability to absorb water and it interferes with the nutrients availability in soils. It can disrupt plant nutrition, growth, flower quality and quantity, stem length, leaf health. (Henson.J, 2012) When salt is dissolved in water, the sodium and chloride ions separate and can harm plants. Chloride ions are absorbed through the roots and then transported to the leaves, to which it is accumulated there, to toxic levels. Toxic levels are what cause the characteristic marginal leaf scorch. (University of Vermont Extension, unknown) If plants are in an environment with more salt then the optimum range they have they will

The research found the average beds size and rate of community garden plot in NL are as; 10’x10’ raised bed, 4’x10’ raised bed, 8’x8’ raised bed, 4’x8’ raised bed, 4’x4’' table-height bed, 3’x3’ child’s raised bed. It is very difficult to fix the rate charged for a community garden plot in NL as factors such as location, demand, and local economic conditions come into play. Community gardens rely extensively on funding and volunteers. The rate charged for a community garden plot in NL ranges from $10 to $60 depending on plot size.

The first three kinds of soil symbolize people with a closed minds. People like this either have mental roadblocks which prevent them from learning

Gardening is somewhat of a hobby for my wife Paula; she loves working in the yard tending to her flowers. Her typical attire is a sleeveless denim shirt tied at the midriff and maybe two buttons closed and short cutoff jeans. This, she says lets her benefit from the sun and get some tanning.

As I write this, I'm staring out the window at my newly planted 20 foot by 40 foot vegetable garden. This is the second year I've grown vegetables in Maryland and I was impressed by the amazing and bountiful crop we enjoyed our first year. Maryland is a diverse, but tiny state, with several different climates based on topography. This means that the planting season for the extreme western mountainous part of the state falls within USDA Plant Hardiness zone 5, which has colder temperatures and a later start date for planting. Zone 6 comprises areas west of the Chesapeake Bay. I live in Annapolis, which falls in the middle of the state within zone 7, having average annual mean minimum temperatures of 0-5 and 5-10 degrees. My planting season

The high water content of these soils causes the chemistry to be primarily reducing rather than oxidizing as it is in most other soils. Most of the reactions are mediated by biological activities. Such a chemical environment means that the rate of decomposition of organic matter is relatively slow. The reduced carbon in the organic matter of saturated soils is the source of energy and electrons to drive the redox reactions (Schipper et al, p. 923). Under slightly reducing conditions, the process of denitrification breaks down nitrate (NO3-) into N2 "through intermediates including nitrite (NO2) and N2O" (McBride, p. 265). Under strongly reducing conditions, some of the N2 is transformed into NH4- through plant enzyme-catalization in a process called nitrogen fixing. Reducing conditions also change sulfate (SO42- ) into H2S a noxious smelling gas. Much of the hydrogen sulfide is dissolved and dissociated in the water where the sulfide interacts with Fe2+ form iron sulfides. In more moderately reducing conditions the iron can be contained in siderite (Fe CO3). In both instances the solubility of iron is greatly reduced (McBride, p. 266). Saturated soils tend to decompose organic matter slowly, transform nitrates, and reduce the solubility of metals such as iron. The reduced iron results in gleying (greyish-green coloration) of the soil and in the case of fluctuating water levels mottles

Gardening is a beneficial aspect of anyone’s day to day life. It’s something that is enjoyable for the elderly, young children, single people, and married couples. Gardening is also a way to bring the family together. Whether the garden is for aesthetic or utilitarian purposes, the hard work put into the garden is worthwhile. Gardens can provide financial relief, a healthier diet, and a healthier lifestyle. Gardening could also be a great life lesson that is carried and passed on through generations.

John should have notified everyone about Vincent BEFORE the meeting and not DURING the meeting. This is what really upset GWEN. This also caused the lines of command to now be blurred

Soil alone do not do any miracles for the plant growth. It requires sufficient nutrients in proportion. Especially for terrace or rooftop gardening, soil without any nutrients is sheer waste of our time and energy in expecting the plant to grow and give the required yields.

Expansive soils expand very little when compacted at low densities and highwater contents, but expand greatly when compacted at high densities andlow water contents ( Abduljauwad, 1993; Chen, 1975).