Answers Lab13 UrinarySystem Essay

8. What type of membrane does the dialysis tubing represent? Give an example of this type of

Explain what happened to the blood cells at the various levels of concentration. Be sure to refer to the solutions as being hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic.

Blood pressure and water pressure (osmotic) are responsible for creating the movement of fluid across the capillary wall.

The effect that increasing Na+Cl- concentration had on osmotic pressure was that the pressure also

13. Understand the transportation of potassium and sodium across plasma membranes. (p. 10 bottom right, p. 20 bottom right, p. 21 diagram)

Consequently, the efferent arteriole, which filters blood away from the glomerulus, is tinier in diameter than the afferent arteriole, which carries blood into each glomerulus. This puts blood under high pressure in the glomerulus; thus it forces tiny molecules and liquid out of the capillary and into the Bowman’s capsule. Soon afterwards, the tiny and liquid molecules cross the epithelium of the Bowman’s capsule, the basement membrane and capillary wall in order to get into the Bowman’s capsule and to arrive in the nephron tubules. The consequence of this is that the filtrate (the tiny and liquid molecules) pass along the remainder of the nephron and helpful substances are reabsorbed along the route. Last of all, “the filtrate flows through the collecting duct and passes out of the kidney along the ureter” as mentioned by (Parson’s, R: p128).

Table 1 shows the contents of the bags and the content of the concentration it was submersed in. Bags 2-4 each contain a solution of both sucrose and water. These bags were each put into beakers containing hypertonic solution. These bags gained weight over time because the water moved from its high concentration inside the beaker to the low concentration inside the membrane of the artificial cell, the membrane being the bags that consisted of dialysis tubing. The

2. Which of the lab values gives you information about how Mrs. Burroughs’ kidneys are functioning?

13. Identify the cellular components of blood, their functions and where they are produced in the body.

1. What two parameters are responsible for creating the movement (filtration and reabsorption) of fluid across the capillary wall?

It represents the part of the kidney that acts like a semipermeable membrane, the nephrons. The nephrons are made of membranous tubules that act analogously to the semipermeable dialysis bag. When blood passes through the tubules, particles in the blood leave the tubule by the process of diffusion.

Exercise 1: Cell Transport Mechanisms and Permeability: Activity 3: Simulating Osmotic Pressure Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly. 1. Which of the following is true of osmosis? You correctly answered: c. It is a type of diffusion. 2. Which of the following occurs when a hypertonic solution is added to cells? You correctly answered: d. The cells shrink. 3. The variable that affects osmotic pressure is You correctly answered: a. the concentration of nondiffusing solutes. 4. The net movement of water would be into the cell in a You correctly answered: b. hypotonic solution.

of the water. The osmolality of the water leaving the tube of Henle is lower than the

In 2014, Robert Klabunde, a doctor and expert in cardiovascular physiology concepts gave expert clarification on the topic when he explains that fluid in the body is known primarily as the blood that is transferred from the heart to all the vessels that carry the blood. The physical factors, called hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure, direct the movement of the fluids within the space between cells and blood vessels, which is known as the interstitial space. (Klabunde, 2014). Hydrostatic pressure is a pressure that is exerts a force at equilibrium because of gravity. Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure needed to apply to prevent movement of water across a membrane. These pressures allows the fluid to remain balanced within the interstitial compartment (Klabunde, 2014). If these pressure are altered, then fluid will increase in the interstitial compartment; ultimately causing swelling to occur in the

Ultra filtration: Ultra filtration results when there is an osmotic gradient or pressure gradient across the membrane. In PD excess fluid is removed by increasing the osmolality of the dialysate with the addition of glucose. In HD , the gradient is created by increasing pressure in the blood compartment(positive pressure)t ore decreasing pressure in the dialysate compartment(negative pressure). Extracellular fluid moves in to the dialysate because of the pressure gradient. The excess fluid is removed by creating a pressure differential between the blood and the dialysate solution.