Anterior Muscles: A Case Study

The hamstrings contract eccentrically acting as the synergist and help the flexion of the hip to occur. The Rectus femoris of the quadriceps contract eccentrically to help flex the hip, they are co-contracting with the hamstrings. The hip flexors may contract rapidly to stabalise the body on the way down if there is a loss of balance (Wynsberghe et al., 1995). The adductor longus, adductor brevis and adductor Magnus contract isometrically to prevent adduction and abduction. The Sartorius muscle contracts eccentrically to cause flexion and abduction at the knee. The sartoris originates from the anterior superior iliac spine and inserts onto the tibia. The adductor and abductor muscles at the hip joint contract to prevent movement that may cause injury (Tortora and Derrickson, 2009).

Anconeus - It's attachments are the lateral epicondyle of humerus, olecranon process of ulna, and ulna blade. When it contracts

Shoulder flexion/extension; Elbow flexion and extension; Use of the lower and upper back. Muscles involved include the latissimus dorsi, rhomboids, trapezius, deltoids and the pectorals.

The rotator cuff is a group of 4 muscles, the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and the teres minor. These muscles helps to lift your shoulder up over your head and also rotate it toward and away from your body. Unfortunately, it is also a group of muscles that is frequently injured by tears, tendonitis, impingement, bursitis, and strains. The major muscle that is usually involved is the supraspinatus muscle. Rotator Cuff Injuries are usually broken up into the following categories.

The biceps femoris is one of the three muscles including the semitendinosus, and the semimembranosus, that make up the group of muscles called the hamstrings. The hamstrings are located on the posterior side of the leg. The biceps femoris originates on the ischial tuberosity and inserts on the head of the fibula. The movement of the biceps femoris is responsible for the flexion of the knee and the external rotation of the lower leg. Flexion of the knee happens when the back of the foot is raised toward the back of the leg.

The Rhomboid Orgin is located near the spinous process of C7 and T1-T5 and the insertion is located near the medial boarder of scapula below the spine. This action intended for this muscle is to draw the scapula toward spinal column creating a downward rotation and a elevation of the mthe anterior deltoiuts that target this muscle Rhomboid row and the isometric contraction. The third muscle is called the pectoralis minor. The orgin of this muscle is located near the Anterior surfaces 3rd to 5th ribs. The Insertion is located near the Coracoid process of the scapula. The action of this muscle is to draw the scapula forwad in a downward rotation and depress the muscle. Workouts that target the pectorials minor are the dumbbell

The Purpose of this exercise is to understand how muscle twitch, contract and react to different activities.

In the text of Lippert she explains that there are many muscles in the body, but were focusing on just the muscles involved with the elbow. “The brachialis muscles, it has two heads and is located on the arm also knows as just the biceps and its actions are to flex the elbow” 3 (p. 152) “The

The popliteus muscle is a minor flexor of the knee. It penetrates the joint capsule to find its origin on the lateral condyle of the femur, and passes obliquely to insert on the medio-proximal tibia. Its main function is to help stabilize the knee, but is also able to rotate the femur on the tibia to unlock the knee.

The UCL is crucial for valgus stability, maintaining the appropriate angle of the elbow away from the body, of the elbow and is the primary elbow stabilizer. As stated in Haan et al. (2011), “the AMCL is divided in two functional components and is taut throughout the full range of flexion and extension because the components are alternatively tightening throughout this range of motion. The posterior part of the AMCL is taut from eighty degrees flexion to full flexion; in contrast, the anterior part of the AMCL is taut in extension.”

^8,5 ASI occurs when the arm is in adduction with the shoulder internally rotated. The biceps complex pulley, also known as a capsuloligamentous complex, adjoins the anterior glenoid causing injury when in extreme motions. With the PSI, the pulley is put into risk with abduction and external rotation on the posterosuperior glenoid. ^8 PSI is also associated with partial-thickness tears on the deep side of the articular surface of the rotator cuff. ^5 This can be a common cause for a peel-back mechanism associated with a SLAP lesion. ^8 Peel-back mechanisms can be produced many different ways, but are mostly seen with a SLAP lesion or internal impingement. These can occur when the shoulder is placed into abduction and extreme external rotation with a torsional force added to the labro-bicipital complex that is at the base of the biceps on the posterior superior labrum. ^1,5 This causes fatigue and failure of the humeral head that rotates medially over the upper rim of the glenoid fossa creating a shearing force. ^1,5 Increased superior labral strain in overhead athletes occurs during the late-cocking phase of throwing when arm is externally rotated. ^1

The shoulder is a ball and socket joint which allows it a flexion and extension motion.

The first motion is flexion of the thigh. This is important in order to throw the opponent forward. This brings their arm closer to your body for the later part of the move, as well as, distributing their weight in order to make the movement phase easier. The agonists of this motion are the iliacus, psoas major, psoas minor, rectus femoris, sartoris, pectineus, gluteus minimum, and the tensor fascia latae. Opposing this are the antagonist muscles, which extend the thigh. These are the biceps femoris, semitendinosis, semimembranosis, and the gluteus maximus.

A Distal Biceps Rupture occurs when the tendon attaching the biceps muscle to the elbow is torn from the bone. The Distal Biceps Rupture is attached to a small bump on the radius bone of the forearm. This small bony bump is called the radial tuberosity. The radius is the smaller of the two bones between the elbow and the wrist that make up the forearm. The radius goes from the outside edge of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist.

The second type of movement in the muscles are antagonist. Antagonist muscles compete with a specific movement. This controls a motion, slows it down, and returns a limb to its original position. Antagonism is not an essential property; it is a role that a muscle plays depending on the motion. If a motion is reversed, agonist and antagonist muscles switch roles. Because a flexor muscle is always a flexor, in flexion it is the agonist, and in extension it is the antagonist. On the other hand, an extensor muscle is the agonist in extension and the antagonist in flexion. Using the example above of the triceps brachii during a push-up, the elbow flexor muscles are the antagonists during both the up phase and down phase of the movement. The last