Anterograde Amnesia Case Study

Amnesia is characterized as loss of memory, or the failure to recollect certainties or occasions. We have two sorts of recollections: the short-term (late, new) and long haul (remote, old) recollections. Fleeting memory is modified in a piece of the cerebrum called the worldly flap, while long haul memory is put away all through broad nerve cell systems in the transient and parietal projections. In Alzheimer's malady, fleeting memory stockpiling is harmed first.

Imagine living your life having no recollection of the past 20 seconds of anything that happens to you. Constantly feening for a way to remember, knowing that no matter how hard you try to remember a piece of something will always be forgotten. This is the case of a man named Leonard Shelby, an insurance claims investigator who lives with his wife who is diabetic in the movie Memento. This movie depicts a life that some may live every day; a life that struggles to remember certain aspects of it. In this psychological thriller, the disorder presented through the main character Leonard is called Anterograde Amnesia, better known as short-term memory. This is a disorder in which short term memories are often forgotten long before they ever have the ability to become long term memories. This is caused by the brain being affected by some sort of trauma or accident that affects the hippocampus of the brain making it very hard from that point on to remember anything other than the long-term memories that were set in your brain before any trauma. During a break in into his home Leonard was struck by a gun to the side of his head by two masked criminals which caused his short-term memory loss. Also during the incident, his wife was raped and killed by them. Leonard kills one of the criminals, but the other gets away with minimal damage. This is the last event that Leonard can fully remember thus fueling his need for revenge on whoever killed his wife. This fuel is what leads him

Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new memories, while keeping old memories intact. People who suffer from this impairment, are unable to encode new memories into long-term memory but are able to keep them in short term. The movie Fifty First Dates portrays this type of amnesia accurately and inaccurately. The main protagonists of Fifty First Dates are Lucy, played by Drew Barrymore, and Henry, played by Adam Sandler. Lucy suffers from anterograde amnesia due to brain damage. For the most part, the movie is accurate to the impairment and is almost exactly the same as the impairment patients suffer from.

This paper will discuss whether Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) is or is not induced by our sleep patterns and quality of sleep. Per the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine (JCSM), Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) is defined as “a temporary memory loss characterized by an abrupt onset of anterograde (AGA) and retrograde amnesia (RA).” In other words, TGA occurs when there is a sudden occurrence of both Anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia at the same time. As defined by the JCSM, anterograde amnesia is “the acute inability to retain new information” and retrograde amnesia is “the significant reduction in the ability to recall past events. ” TGA has been known to last up to twenty-four hours. During the acute

Definition: condition where a pt blocks out a traumatic event by memory loss to everything associated with the traumatic event

However, her disorder is practically identical to a real form of amnesia known as anterograde amnesia. Patients suffering from anterograde amnesia lose the ability to recall memories made after the event which caused brain trauma. Anterograde amnesia is caused by damage to the hippocampus which is considered to be a key location for memory. This was discovered through the case of Henry Molaison, who had his hippocampus removed to stop severe seizures. The surgery cured Molaison but left him with acute memory loss. Lucy’s long term memory, sensory memory and procedural memory are all perfectly functioning, the damage is sustained to her short term memory and declarative memory. In addition, only her retrieval process appears to be performing incorrectly which is realistic as legitimate anterograde amnesia sufferers may manifest memories through other means such as the film’s example of dreams and

Histories of trauma, child abuse, and victimization are common, Some individuals with dissociative amnesia report dissociative flashbacks (i.e., behavioral reexperiencing of traumatic events). Many have a history of self-mutilation, suicide attempts, and other high-risk behaviors. Depressive and functional neurological symptoms are common, as are depersonalization, auto-hypnotic symptoms, and high hypnotizability. Sexual dysfunctions are common. Mild traumatic brain injury may precede dissociative amnesia” (p.

Amnesia is a memory disorder that contributes to the loss of memory (King, 2016). There are two types of amnesia: anterograde and retrograde amnesia.

Amnesia is the partial or complete loss of memory, most commonly is temporary and for only a short period of time. (1). There are various degrees of amnesia with the most commonly occurrence being either retrograde or anterograde amnesia. Prior to my research into this subject I did not know much about amnesia besides what is portrayed in the Disney movie Anesthesia in which Anesthesia cannot remember her traumatic childhood. While I recognize that there is a huge difference between forgetting

A couple of articles were able to explain more about anterograde amnesia. One of those articles was “Widespread cognitive impairment in psychogenic anterograde amnesia”. The article explains the experiments scientists are doing to try and find out what causes anterograde amnesia. According to the article “Retrograde psychogenic amnesia is common but anterograde psychogenic amnesia is rare” (cite). In order to attain anterograde psychogenic amnesia the person needs to have widespread cognitive impairment. Psychological stress can put a lot of strain on the body and brain. Sometimes stress even can cause people to break down. In order to explain a cause of anterograde amnesia scientist studied a 38-year-old man.

Anterograde amnesia, as described earlier, is an inability to form lasting memories after some disturbance to the brain, such as a brain injury or degenerative brain disease. The revelation of the H.M. case was the identification of the medial temporal lobes as memory consolidation and storage centers. Within the medial temporal lobes, the hippocampus has been identified specifically as a brain area involved in learning new information (Gluck, 2014). To put it another way, people with damage to the hippocampus will have difficulty forming new memories because they won’t be able to learn new things. The hippocampus helps to integrate objects in a spatial and temporal context. Episodic and semantic memory forming is impaired, otherwise known as declarative memory, though the person can remember declarative memory from the past. The process of encoding, storage consolidation, and retrieval seems to go through the medial temporal lobe with the hippocampus playing a key role. In anterograde amnesia, the consolidation process is damaged. Thus, in the short term new information can be learned, but since it is not consolidated, it can’t be retrieved, so it is forgotten (Webbe slides). Additionally, damage to the basal forebrain can cause anterograde amnesia. This is because the basal forebrain sends neurotransmitters to the hippocampus to tell it whether and when to process and store information (Gluck, 2014). In this way, the hippocampus is the main brain structure involved so

Imagine not being able to remember anything for more than a day, an hour, or even minutes. This is the life that Leonard lives every day in Memento. Leonard got his condition when he was attacked by two masked men that were raping Leonard’s wife. One of the perpetrators hit Leonard in the back of the head. Causing Leonard so smash his head into the bathroom mirror knocking him unconscious.

In order to truly understand anterograde and retrograde amnesia, one must first understand the concepts of short-term memory and long-term memory, the former being mainly affected and as a result transferring the effects onto the latter. Cognition was defined by Davies in class as being the manipulation, storage, and processing of representations. These representations are stored in memory which is divided into different types. Short-term memory has little capacity. It stores information (representations) for a temporary period of time, although some but not all

A fundamental aspect of human memory is that the more time elapsed since an event, the fainter the memory becomes. This has been shown to be true on a relatively linear scale with the exception of our first three to four years of life (Fitzgerald, 1991). It is even common for adults not to have any memory before the age of six or seven. The absence of memory in these first years has sparked much interest as to how and why it happens. Ever since Freud (1916/1963) first popularized the phenomenon there have been many questions and few robust empirical studies. Childhood amnesia is defined as the period of life from which no events are remembered (Usher & Neisser, 1993) beginning at birth and ending at the onset of your

Losing one’s memory can be a mysterious affliction, and the causes can be quite complex. Severe memory loss is introduced in author Oliver Sacks’ collection of stories The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat, and lectures given by professor Jim Davies can help with understanding of some of the concepts introduced in the book. In chapter two, The Lost Mariner, the patient Jimmie is suffering from aspects of both retrograde and anterograde amnesia, which Davies explained as loss of memory of events or facts learned before an event (the event that caused the amnesia), and loss of ability to create new memories after the event, respectively. In more detail, and in relation to our book (here, the target example), retrograde amnesia would consist of any loss of memory that happened prior to an event, such as an injury or onset of disease in Jimmie’s case. Dr. Davies’ explanation of retrograde amnesia helps to understand Jimmie’s case, where in the year 1975 he is unable to recall any events after 1945. As well, the explanation of anterograde amnesia as including symptoms such as inability to form new memories, learn information or tasks, or to recall the recent past is useful when applied to Jimmie’s experience of not being able to recall events that happened even a few minutes prior. Jimmie’s suffering from both retro and anterograde amnesia, as explained by Sacks, results from Korsakov’s syndrome – a destruction of memory caused by alcoholic