Anthocyanin Research Paper

After analyzing the results of the paper chromatography, the next step was the determination of the absorption spectrum for the spinach leaf pigments chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, xanthophyll, and carotenoids. The amount of absorbance was determined with the help of the spectrophotometry, which quantitatively measured the fraction of the light passing through each pigment extract solution, indicated on the absorbance scale. The wavelength was increased every 20-nm, starting with 400-nm, and reaching 740-nm. The results are shown in Table 1 and Table

In this chromatography lab filter paper was used to examine the different pigments of spinach and red cabbage. There were two hypotheses for both plants. The hypothesis for the red cabbage was that there would be multiple pigments evident. The hypothesis for the spinach was similar in that there would be different pigments present. Both hypotheses were accepted in that there were multiple pigments found on the filter paper of each sample.

Hue is synonymous to what we refer to as “colours”. Reg, blue, green, yellow and orange are a

86. Carotene is a yellow or orange pigment that serves as an accessory to chlorophyll during

It is obtained from mushrooms, fish, shellfish and plants like brine shrimp. When used as an active ingredient in tanning pills, it is used as an additive to stimulate your tan by pigmenting your skin. The body dissolves the canthaxanthin in the adipose tissue, or fats beneath the epidermis. This gives your skin a brown tone when consumed in large quantities. It helps in reducing the side effects on photosensitivity which include itching, rashes and

Also, as powerful antioxidants, anthocyanins can stabilize and protect capillaries and blood vessels from damage caused due to the effects of free radicals, stimulate collagen production (which is beneficial for the skin), improve circulation and lower the cholesterol.

Pigments inside chloroplasts absorb the light. There are three types of pigment which allows the absorption of light of different wavelength, chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B and Carotenoids. They absorb light energy and thus help in initiation of the process through excitation of electron in the photosystem. Light coming from sun have rays of different colour of different wavelengths and the amount of light absorbed from chlorophyll might alter the rate of photosynthesis. To understand which wavelength chlorophyll absorbs the most we have to study the absorption spectra of chlorophyll.

In this experiment, anthocyanin was extracted from organic mediums and explored to find which source of extraction contains the largest quantity of anthocyanin, and in turn generates the most power. Chromatography was used in this experiment to determine the amount and concentration of anthocyanin extracted from each source. Ethanol was used as the solvent in the chromatography, as well as the extraction catalyst. The purpose of this study was to determine which extraction medium for the photovoltaic pigment, anthocyanin, is the most effective at generating power in a Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). Anthocyanin was chosen as the photovoltaic pigment because it has the appropriate chemical properties for organically dyed solar cells.

Carotenoids - General it is possible to the more colour the higher the degree of carotenoids. Try out carotene is easily the most popular carotenoid. These kinds of enhance the defense mechanisms, assistance being an anti-oxidant, shield against most cancers, fight coronary disease, and also help eyesight. Heart disease is yet another spot wherever chlorella lights. Adding to using carotenoids showed that this reduce heart disease in half.

Back when I was a little kid, I used to always wonder why leaves change colors when the seasons change. I used to think that there was some kind of a company or an organization that had a bunch of painters come out and then they would simply paint every single leaf in the world a different color whenever the seasons changed, but then I learned about pigments. When the seasons change and the leaves change colors, it is not the leaves themselves that are actually changing. It is actually the pigments in the leaves that are changing colors. Pigments are what gives something its color, and with things like leaves, they can change along with the seasons. This can be proved by the experiment that I did a few days ago in which I used water, isopropanol, and salt to have the pigments leak from the leaves into some cups. After the experiment, all of the liquid in the cups were the same color as the leaves. According to Wikipedia, pigments get their colors from various sources of light, which affects what colors that the pigments are. The pigments that are on leaves get their color from the sunlight, which has a fairly uniform spectrum and a high color spectrum. The brown pigments in leaves are called tannins, the orange pigments are called carotenoids, and the yellow pigments are called xanthophylls. Carotenoids can also be found in things such as carrots,

Eye color is determined by the presence of melanin in the iris of the eye. There are two forms of melanin, eumelanin which produces a blackish brown pigment, and pheomelanin which is responsible for the production of reddish yellow colored pigment. The quantity, and the ratio of these two pigments as they are present in the melanocytes found in the anterior border layer of the iris are responsible for the variation of color in the iris. Though all irises have approximately the same number of melanocytes, the amount of melanin found in the iris varies greatly. Brown irises have a greater total amount of melanin overall, and they tend to have more eumelanin than they do pheomelanin. In contrast to the brown pigmentation, blue irises tend to have much less melanin, and of the melanin that is

The word tannin is very old and reflects a traditional technology. Tanning was the word used in the scientific literature to describe the process of transforming raw animal hides or skins into durable, nonputrescible leathers by using plant extracts from different plant parts [10]. Tannin is an astringent, bitter plant polyphenolic compound that either binds or precipitates proteins and various other organic compounds including amino acids and alkaloids [4]. The term tannin refers to the use of tannins in tanning animal hides into leather; however, the term is widely applied to any large polyphenolic compound containing sufficient hydroxyls and other suitable groups to form strong complexes with proteins and other macromolecules. Tannins have

Anthraquinone is a pulping catalyst that cycles between its insoluble oxidized form and its soluble reduced form. Kaye, A. (1999). The first step in the sequence is the reaction of AQ with the reducing group of a carbohydrate. This stabilizes the carbohydrate against the "peeling reaction," (KemAQ, n.d, para. 2) (the systematic removal of the sugar units at the reducing end of the cellulose or hemicellulose) and produces anthrohydroquinone (AHQ), which can participate, again in the redox cycle (oxidation reduction). (KemAQ, n.d, para. 2) Therefore, AQ/AHQ improves yield by stabilizing the carbohydrates and delignification. Kaye, A. (1999). Significantly, these additives are changing the digester control systems into a better quality control

Red beet is a highly nutritious crop, which is regarded as 10th most potent vegetable with respect to antioxidant capacity []. This root crop is a rich source of antioxidants containing betalains as the major constituent of the red beet []. For instance, peel of the red beet is composed of a novel phenolic compound 5,5',6,6'-tetrahydroxy-3,3'-biindolyl, betacyanins (2-O-glucosyl-betanin, betanin, 2’-O-glucosyl-isobetanin, isobetanin, isoprebetanin, betanidin, 2,17 bidecarboxyneobetanin, 17-decarboxyneobetanin, 2-decarboxyneobetanin, neobetanin, 2,17-bidecarboxy-2,3 dehydro-neobetanin, 6’-O-feruloyl-2’-O-glucosyl-betanin, 6’-O-feruloyl-2’-O-glycosyl-isobetanin, 2-decarboxy-2,3-dehydro neobetanin, and 6’-O-feruloyl-betanin/isobetanin), and betaxanthins

For lab 12, it is hypothesized that chlorophylls a and b are present in a plant leaf and contribute to the starch production in photosynthesis. Also, products of photosynthesis will be present in leaf tissue exposed to red and blue light wavelengths for several days, but a decreased presence in leaf tissue exposed to green and black light wavelengths. In lab 13, it is expected that since chlorophylls a and b are more polar and smaller molecules than the anthyocyanins and carotenoids, they will travel higher up the chromatography paper than the other pigments.