Anthocyanin Research Paper

form an ester, unreacted 1-phenylethanol, and vinyl alcohol. The unreacted 1phenylethanol was separated from the ester by column chromatography and confirmed by

Examples can include strawberries, red cabbage, pears, and pomegranate. These pigments found in Anthocyanin are soluble in water and colored. Furthermore, factors affecting Anthocyanin include structure, pH, temperature, and light intensity. Additionally, the structure of Anthocyanin in food is relying on its form to absorb color. First, when consuming Anthocyanin it displays that there is many ways of human health to have benefits from Anthocyanin. Findings show that it helps individuals in diet and health by cancer protection, improvement in vision, antidiabetic, and inflammatory effects, supplementary for source of vitamins. An example, of a good use of an Anthocyanin is red wine. Co-pigments are like accessory pigments, such as carotenoids that carry the color of orange. The co-pigments in this form are used to stabilize during lactic fermentation and stabilize color to

In figure 1, the Betacyanin are treated with different levels of sodium chloride. Most of these graphs with different concentrations seem to have a deceleration curve. The concentrations of 0%, 1%, 5%, and 10% seem to have a deceleration curve and that maybe due because they reached a point of equilibrium so they start to level off. You can also see that the absorption is proportional to the concentration, because it increase due to it concentration and that may be due to the ethanol that the beetroots where in. Since the beetroots sat in ethanol while the time being it made the membrane more permeable, allowing the salts to either increase the diffusion of the betacyanins or decrease it.

In vitro enzyme-inhibitory assay-guided fractionation of Polygonum hyrcanicum extract resulted in the purification of 13 phenolic compounds as the active constituents. Based on NMR data, the purified compounds of Polygonum hyrcanicum were identified as quercetin (1) [17], myricetin (2) [17], N-trans-caffeoyl-tyramine (3) [18], quercetin 3-O-α-L-(3",5"-diacetyl-arabinofuranoside) (4) [19], quercetin 3-O-α-L-(3"-acetyl-arabinofuranoside) (5) [20], myricetin 3-O-α-L-(3",5"-diacetyl-arabinofuranoside) (6) [21], (+) catechin (7) [22], (-) gallocatechin (8) [22], myricetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (9) [23], myricetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (myricitrin) (10) [23], quercetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (11) [24], myricetin 3-O-α-L-arabinofuranoside

In this experiment, samples containing Ascorbic Acid were titrated in order to determine the concentration of Ascorbic Acid in Green Tea, Rose Hips Tea, orange and commercial drink.

500µl pumpkin extract was taken from each concentration of pumpkin extract & 500µl of 0.02M sodium phosphate buffer which contains α-amylase. Solution was incubated at 37̊C for 10 minutes.After incubation period, 200µl 0f 1% starch solution was mixed to each tube at 5seconds intervals.The reaction mixture was then incubated at 25̊C for 10 minutes. After incubation period, 1 ml of DNSA colored reagent was mixed to stop the reaction. The test tubes were kept into the water bath for 5 minutes & then cooled to room temperature.The reaction mixture was more diluted by adding 10ml distilled water & the optical density was measured at

There is no real reason why the FDA has approved some of these artificial food dyes to be in our food. They have absolutely no value to our bodies whatsoever. Whatever dye it is, none of them have nutritional value. The FDA actually stated on the website that they are only there to

The initial motivation for scientists to investigate more about dye ligand affinity chromatography was given after the interactions that took place between Blue Dextran, a Cibaron Blue and dextran conjugate, which is used as a void marker in size-exclusion chromatography, and particular kinases. Until then, only purification of various proteins by size-exclusion chromatography with Blue Dextran, like for example, erythrocyte pyruvate kinase, phosphofructokinase, glutathione reductase,

Food dyes have been a growing topic in the United States ever since the 1970s since they are used in many of our foods in order to make certain foods more appealing to our senses. In the United States, most artificial/synthetic food dyes are currently legal. Not all scientists agree on the adverse effects that these food dyes can possibly display. Due to recent studies, the British government has already banned food dyes in their country by the year 2009. In addition, the European Parliament passed a law that requires a warning on all foods that do contain food dyes tested after July 20, 2010. Many parents are petitioning against these food dyes. These parents’ goal is to make artificial/synthetic food dyes a large enough concern to be noticed and lead to a ban on these controversial dyes. The ultimate goal of these parents is to achieve the rules and regulations in which the United Kingdom has accomplished. This paper will look at the concerns of these food dyes that the parents have. There is much research and controversy over the truth about these food dyes. This paper will be of importance to help bring out the truth as to why food dyes are even of concern. After much qualitative analysis this paper plans to answer, why are parents so concerned about artificial/synthetic food dyes in their food?

After this we added .5g of NaCl and allowed the solution to cool to room temperature then placed it into an ice bath. The reaction mixture turned into a lighter shade of yellow and began to crystallize. The crystals were filtered through a Buchner funnel and rinsed twice with saturated aqueous NaCl solution. The reaction mixture was placed in a boiling water bath in order to dissolve most of the dye and all the contaminating salts. It was then cooled in a ice bath and filtered using a Buchner funnel. The product obtained was shiny and a metallic gray-gold color. The product weighed in at .207g of methyl orange, giving us a percent yield of

Kool-Aid, strawberry ice cream, and Doritos: What do these things have in common? Whether you realize it or not, many ordinary foods contain dyes. Some of the dyes are natural; others are synthetic. Is one better than the other?

Ascorbic acid (AA), also known as vitamin C, was discovered 88 years ago. AA is not only used in the food industry as a food additive, it is also known to provide many benefits to our health. It is an essential vitamin for humans and its deficiency causes scurvy. AA is a water-soluble vitamin, highly polar, naturally occurs as L-ascorbic acid and is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) to be used as a food additive by the FDA. It can come from natural sources (food-derived) and synthetic (made in lab). AA has been one of the most popular chemicals with many nutritional and pharmaceutical properties. Some companies producing at national and international level, chemistry of AA, applications in food and controversies related to this additive will be discussed in further detail in this paper.

In previous studies Procyanidins extracted from cocoa exhibited endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) through activation of nitric oxide synthase activity in rabbit aortic rings in vitro (Karim et al., 2000). The results were reported to be due to the tetramers and higher polymers of epicatechin, and monomers, dimers, and trimers were not capable of contributing to EDR. In vivo studies indicated that dark chocolate, cocoa powder and cocoa liquor suppressed the development of atherosclerotic lesions and inhibited atherosclerosis (Vinson et al., 2006).

Rooibos tea is a highly consumed hot beverage by many worldwide for its sweet flavor and great aroma. The tea is prepared from a South African endemic plant Aspalathin linearis. The escalation of Rooibos consumption over the years paralleled the rise of consumer concerns of the importance of food and beverages in prevention of health threats and diseases (Joubert et al., 2013). The study by Steenkamp and co-workers (2004) demonstrated high radical scavenging ability of superoxide and hydroxyl of Rooibos extract that superseded that of other commercially available South African herbal teas which are honey bush tea and roselle scientifically called (cyclopia intermedia)and (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) that are commercially available.

Present investigation was undertaken to evaluate mango, grapefruit and strawberry juice as physicochemical charactarestics, identification of phenolic acids and flavonoids compounds using HPLC. After that the biological experimental showed that the effect of mango, grapefruit and strawberry juice at level 1 ml was taken orally for diabetic rats every day and basal diet for four weeks on different organs, triglycerides (TAG), serum glucose, serum insulin, total lipid (TL), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in diabetic rats compared with control negative rats and diabetic rats as control positive fed on basal diet free different juice.