Anthony has pre-diabetes. Pre diabetes is a condition in which a person has all the symptoms of type 2 diabetes but their blood glucose levels are not high enough to be diagnosed with type two. (Diabetes Australia, 2015). The whole body can potentially be affected by diabetes. The main system affected is the endocrine system. (Lemone 2015, p.577). Insulin is a hormone in the body that allows glucose into cells that provides them with energy. Type 2 diabetes occurs when there is an insulin deficiency. (Australian Institute of Health and Wellbeing 2015). Insulin is created in the pancreas. Because glucose can’t get into the cells, it builds up in the bloodstream. This can cause tiredness, blurred vision, thirst and frequent urination. Diabetes
The most significant difference between the regular insulin and the rapid acting insulin is the onset. The onset for rapid-acting or lispro is 10-15 minutes, and for the regular it is ½-1 hour.
HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: This is a 53-year-old black individual a patient of Dr. Shelton, who has had diabetes for at least six months, but he thinks it has been longer than that. He says his last known blood sugar was in the 300’s. He presents in the ER today with a foot ulcer since January of this year. He
The patient is a 70-year-old gentleman who presented to the ED with the complaint of numbness, noticeable changes mental status and is also noted glucose of 43. His medical history is significant for long-standing history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, chronic alcoholism, chronic pancreatitis, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, he is on no coagulation because of a history frequent falls, coronary artery disease, past history of a CVA, as well as COPD. Review of the chart and discussion with the patient reveals that he attends a daycare center five days a week. He lives alone, his sister and his niece do his food shopping for him. He prepares his own meals and he gives himself his insulin on the weekend otherwise it’s given to him
Diabetes mellitus type 2 is an endocrine disorder that causes impaired use of carbohydrates while enhancing the use of proteins and lipids. This is called insulin resistance, in which the pancreas cannot make enough insulin to keep blood glucose levels normal, or the body is unable to use what is produced. The impairment causes blood glucose level to rise higher than normal. There is no cure for type 2 diabetes mellitus and it is life threatening when left untreated. Signs and symptoms of this disorder include vision changes, increased thirst, increased hunger, increased frequency of urination, stomach pain, nausea and vomiting, erectile dysfunction, and absences of mentruation. These can occur abruptly, or over a long period of time.
The cause of prediabetes is a change in your body’s blood sugar levels, going beyond normal, but not high enough to be called diabetes, yet. Blood sugar is also referred to as glucose and it comes from the foods we ingest, using it immediately as energy or storing it for later.
When you have pre-diabetes, your blood sugar levels are high but not high enough to have diabetes. Pre-diabetes can lead to other serious problems, such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Now is the time to take action to manage your pre-diabetes. This may help to prevent other problems.
American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends to use the HgA1c to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes (Silverman, 2011). This is because HbA1c has several advantages over glucose test; they are: no requirement of fasting, can be obtained any time, predicts risk of microvascular complications, information on 120 days of glycemic control and, not affected by stress and exercise (Sacks, 2011). HbA1c of 6.5% indicates diagnosis of diabetes and 5.7% to 6.4% indicates prediabetes (Silverman, 2011). However, the accuracy of HgA1c depends on the normal life span of erythrocytes. HgA1c may not give accurate information in certain situation; Some of the situation are: hemolytic disease, individual with blood loss, chronic alcoholism, uremia, hyperglyceridemia,
Polydipsia has occurred due to excess glucose that has built up in the bloodstream causing the fluid in the tissue to be pulled out (Carlson & Castro 2016). This leaves the patient feeling thirsty which results in the patient drinking more fluid leading to polyuria. Giovanni also describes feeling fatigue which is a symptom of type 2 diabetes. As cells are deprived of the required glucose it will cause the patient to feel very tired (Carlson & Castro 2016). The blurred vision Giovanni is experiencing has happened due to the high blood glucose levels causing fluid in the lens of his eye to be pulled out (Carlson & Castro 2016). This has caused Giovanni to have disrupted focus in his vision. It is also very common in diabetic patients to develop tingling sensations and oedema in the peripheries which Giovanni is also currently experiencing.
Diabetes is a metabolic disease in which the body’s inability to produce any or enough insulin. This causes elevated levels of glucose in the blood. This can be a very life threatening disease if left un treated. One of the symptoms are hunger and fatigue. If your body can’t get enough insulin the glucose
Being a diabetic increase this patient risk for UTI by several mechanisms such as the presence of glycosuria, neutrophil dysfunction, phlebitis and neuropathy. Catheter increases my patient's risk for infection because urethral catheters introduce organisms into the bladder and promote growth by providing a surface for bacteria to attach to. While nerve damage is a risk factor because it can causes delayed bladder emptying and urine leakage. My patient also being a female increased her risk for the fact that a women's anatomy put her more at
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic illness that requires the individual to manage, support, and educate themselves of their illness in order to prevent any further complications. It is disease that is caused by the impairment of insulin secretion and also caused by insulin resistance and insulin deficiency. Insulin is the hormone used to control and maintain homeostasis over the amount of glucose in our blood stream. If not much insulin is secreted it can lead to hyperglycemia, which is an abnormal increase of glucose in the body. Early symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus are related to hyperglycemia and include, but not limited to, polyuria (excessive urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst), weight loss, sometimes with polyphagia (excessive hunger), and blurred vision. This may also lead to pre-diabetes, which is when ‘“glucose levels are higher than normal, but not high enough for a diagnosis of diabetes”’ (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014).
Throughout the past few decades, diabetes has grown to become a disease that impacts nearly thirty million people in the United States alone. Prediabetes is growing in prevalence, as well. A problem has risen as the amount of people getting diagnosed with diabetes is increasing drastically each year. In order to reduce the amount of people suffering with diabetes, the public must be educated on what diabetes is and the risks associated with the disease, provide those at risk with resources to proactive nutritional habits that can be implemented to reduce the risk of diabetes and prediabetes, and educate people on the role of insulin in digestion.
Diabetes: There has been an increase in diabetes (pre-diabetes and diabetes) in the ethnic groups of African-Americans (AA) Hispanics, native Americans, and Asian American than any other population (Woo and Wynne, 2012). The annual cost to care for diabetic patients is greater than 174 billion and is the leading cause of blindness, end-stage renal disease and lower extremity amputations (Woo and Wynne, 2012).
In diabetes, the pancreas does not make enough insulin (type 1 diabetes) or the body can 't respond normally to the insulin that is made (type 2 diabetes). This causes glucose levels in the blood to rise, leading to symptoms such as increased urination, extreme thirst, and unexplained weight loss.
Gebel, PhD, Erika. American Diabetes Association Home Page - American Diabetes Association. 07 May 2009. Web. 10 Nov. 2009. http://www.diabetes.org/.