Anthrahydrojane Lab Report

H2O2 is commonly known as hydrogen peroxide and it is a strong oxidizer and a naturally produced compound in humans as a by-product of oxidative metabolism. Because of this, humans also produce the enzyme catalase peroxidases in order to convert small amounts of H2O2 into oxygen and water. It uses the following chemical formula:

peroxide (H2O2). The enzyme breaks H2O2 into water and oxygen. The production of the oxygen

Write a balanced equation for the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. You will first need to determine the product for the reaction. (If you have trouble with determining the product, use Google.)

We used TLC analysis to identify each product obtained from the dihydroxylation reactions by spotting a TLC plate with the product of our reaction, a solution of cis-cyclohexane, trans-cyclohexane, and a 50:50 mixture of the two. We then placed the plate in a beaker with ethyl acetate saturating the atmosphere to allow the TLC plate to develop. Finally, we compared Rf values of the components of the mobile phase, after the phase was completed. 100% ethyl acetate was used instead of 100% Hexane or a mixture of Ethyl Acetate, because ethyl acetate has high polarity and can separate the components of a mixture to elution, unlike hexane, which is non-polar, and therefore unable to separate the components of the mixture. A 50:50 mixture of both would not work, because the polar and non-polar compounds would neutralize the mixture, and thereby not separate the components of the mixture.

Enzymes are catalysts that function to speed up reactions; for example, the enzyme sucrose speeds up the hydrolysis of sucrose, which breaks down into glucose and fructose. They speed up reactions but are not consumed by the reaction that is taking place. The most important of the enzyme is the shape as it determines which type of reaction the enzyme speeds up. Enzymes work by passing/lowering and energy barrier and in doing so; they need to bind to substrates via the active. Once they do, the reaction speeds up so much more quickly than it would without the enzyme. Coenzymes and cofactors aid the enzyme when it comes to binding with the substrate. They change the shape of the active site so the substrate can bind properly and perform its function.

The purpose of this experiment was to practice the functional group transformation procedure. The process of the experiment included the dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol in the presence of phosphoric acid and heat. The products that were formed from the reaction were 1-methylcyclohexene and 3-methylcyclohexene. The mass of the final product solution was 0.502g with a percent yield of 18.7% and a boiling point range of 84.5-98.5oC.

2. We measured 1 mL of turnip peroxidase (the enzyme) and 3 mL of neutral buffer (pH corresponding to the test tube number i.e. pH 5 in test tube 5) with a syringe and disposed it into tubes 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10

Dispense .5 mL water into the already weighed conical vial, replace cap and face insert on its down side.

The method used in this experiment is called an oxidation reaction. An oxidizing agent takes away electrons from other reactants during a redox reaction. The oxidizing agent typically takes these electrons for itself, thus gaining electrons and being reduced (Helmstein, Ph. D 2017). The organic oxidant used in this experiment is sodium hypochlorite, which is also known as “household bleach’. Sodium hypochlorite in acetic acid is an alternate oxidizing agent used for the development of ketones that was developed by Stevens, Chapman and Weller due to the many advantages it displays (J. Org. Chem, 1980, 45, 2030). This particular oxidation of sodium hypochlorite is an exothermic reaction meaning that it releases heat as an energy form. Due to the exothermic nature of this experiment, temperature ranges should be monitored throughout the experiment. The overall objective in this experiment is to yield a

We could go even depeer in the explanation of metabolism reaction but this is just an

Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound that is composed of two hydrogens and two oxygens. This mixture is known to be the simplest type of peroxide, and it is used as an oxidizer, a bleaching agent and an antiseptic. Louis Jacques Thenard was the first to identify hydrogen peroxide in 1818. Jacques Thenard discovered this when he burned barium salts to make barium peroxide, and he observed that when he poured the barium peroxide in water to dissolve, hydrogen peroxide was produced. After this observation, Jacques Thenard improved his method for so many years and was considered to be the most common way of creating hydrogen peroxide up until the mid-twentieth century. As a result, there were numerous amount of formulas made. However, Petre

Chemical reactions are where one or more substances are changed into another or multiple other substances based on the properties of the reactants. We learned about 4 types of reactions; Synthesis or where reactants A & B combine and create product AB, Decomposition where substance AB is broken apart into substances A and B, Substitution reaction where reactants A and BC get rearranged into products AC and B, and finally the double replacement reaction where reactants AB and BC react and make products AD and BC. According to the Scientific American Article by Augenbraun, the beetle combines two compounds, hydroquinone and hydrogen peroxide which together are non-reactive. But then peroxidase enzymes are added, which acts as catalysts that not only makes it toxic but causes it to

! CAUTION: Chemical reactions can be harmful, in this experiment be careful when using hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide is a kind of detergent and bleach, which can bleach your hair or clothes if applied to.

Hydrogen peroxide sometimes can be utilized to produce oxygen gas. One of the way to cause the decomposition reaction is to add some catalyst. Liver solution contains catalase which is from the liver cells. After the cells being broken down, the catalase is released and dissolves in water. As the catalyst, liver solution can cause the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and therefore release the oxygen that is produced in the reaction. If the volume of hydrogen peroxide increases while other controlled variables remain the same, then the volume of oxygen gas will also increase, because the more reactant there is, the more gas will be produced. An increase in volume also means an increase in mass, as well as the number of molecules in the reactant.

Pd-Ni/Al2O3 systems were investigated in the reaction of hydrogen oxidation in terms of their possible application as catalysts used in passive autocatalytic recombiners (PARs) used in nuclear power plants. Testing experiments, were carried out in a flowing system at different temperatures and humidity of the reaction mixture. The bimetallic catalysts exhibited higher response to the increase of temperature and higher resistance to inhibiting water than the monometallic palladium catalyst. They showed excellent stability during a few tens of hours, similarly, like their monometallic counterpart. Our bimetallic catalysts of hydrogen oxidation can be used as cheaper alternatives to catalysts based on the precious metals in the hydrogen oxidation without loss of their activity over time.