Anthropogenic Sound Lab

The purpose of this experiment is to measure the speed of sound in air and to determine the effects of frequency on the speed of sound.

Whales, such as killer whales, are unfairly stereotyped as dangerous or terrifying animals. From 1999-2010 marine mammals accounted for fifteen deaths, two of the deaths were by a single killer whale in captivity where conditions are not the greatest for whales (Rose). Although there is information on marine mammal related deaths there is no specific data on whale related deaths, meaning that the deaths could have come from another species. Whales play an important role in the flow of aquatic ecosystems. Blue Whales consume about forty trillion krill per day on average. By consuming that krill they are doing their part of stabilizing the oceanic ecosystem. Scientists are also learning more about whales and getting better understandings of their species, the cetacean. By performing biological studies and many observations scientists are able to learn about whale communication, intelligence, as well as environmental impacts. When scientists better understand whales they can find even more reasons as to protect whales and the importance of them from an environmental standpoint. Whales should be understood more and treated more fairly than they have been, they are an important part of the marine

The purpose of this laboratory experiment is to “investigate how the vibrating source affects selected characteristics of the sound produced” (Giancoli, 2006).

Benoit-Bird seek to investigate the acoustic communication of spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris during the foraging behaviour in cooperative groups. Acoustic communication of marine mammals, especially in foraging behaviour occurred in the underwater were not clear because it is hard to detect due to limited approaches in the last few decades.

Explain how sonar works and why it is useful. Provide at least one diagram or picture. [5 marks]

This partly because the frequency ranges of boats and whales can overlap (Holt et al, 2009). If whale individuals are unable to communicate with other members of their pod, there would be less cohesion when hunting, difficulty in finding a mate, and an overall an increase in stress (Holt et al, 2009). There have also been cases where boat motors have impaired the whales to even detect their prey (Barrett-Lennard et al, 1996). These anthropogenic, background sounds are thought to interfere with communication between individuals by masking the whale's calls, particularly if at specific threshold level (Foote et al, 2004). Ways that whales have been shown to adapt include changing the amplitude and duration of calls (Foote et al, 2004; Holt et al, 2009). As the background sounds increased by one decibel, the amplitude also increased by one

Sound has different properties in water than it has in the air; it travels much faster and further than that of in the air. So many sea animals have poor vision and rely upon sound as a primary sense. As well as sea animals and fish also use and respond to underwater sound. Noise pollution can cause deafness and interference with fish communication, schooling and habitat utilization (Weilgart 2008). There is also a possibility that marine mammal’s ability to catch prey can be interrupted and blocked through noise pollution which also impacts communication between group members. This can cause navigational errors which have been shown to lead to mass standings’. It can be difficult for whales to distinguish between some noises

After we heard it resonace we measured the amount of tube that was above the water.

The purpose of this lab is to understand the relationship between the frequency and wavelength. After inserting a pipe into a water container and placing a vibrating tuning fork of a specific frequency near the opening of the pipe, the pipe requires an adjustment in height until the resonating sound becomes loud and clear. When the resonating sound is found at a certain length, measure the length of the pipe above water level with a meter stick. Since the water inside the container acts as a barrier for the sound wave, the pipe becomes a one-sided closed tube; and thus, the wavelength is four times the measurement of the length. Furthermore, the velocity of the wave is the product of wavelength and frequency.

It is within this framework that I consider important to study the way in which sound is

Another very interesting thing that I have found out in this essay by Regina Blackstock is a case that occurred in 1962 when some Lockheed Aircraft Corporation scientists erected a barrier across a channel with strong microphones. When the dolphins approached it, clicking noises were heard. The dolphins gathered into a group in nearby shallow

b. The increased presence of loud or persistent noise can disrupt the migration, reproduction patterns, and communication in many marine and aquatic mammals (1)

In last months, my centre of attention was on understanding the qualification of atmosphere factors perturbation in sound speed and comparing different acoustic tomography methods. Then, these techniques have been applied to series of synthetic and obtained data from field trials.

Sound is a mechanical wave that is an oscillation of pressure transmitted through a solid, liquid, or gas, composed of frequencies within the range of hearing and of a level sufficiently strong to be heard. It is produced when something vibrates causing its the medium (water, air, etc.) around it to vibrate as well. In common everyday speech, speed of sound refers to the speed of sound waves in air. Sound travels faster in liquids and non-porous solids than it does in air. In this experiment, velocity of

Sound is a mechanical wave that is an oscillation of pressure transmitted through a solid, liquid, or gas, composed of frequencies within the range of hearing and of a level sufficiently strong to be heard. It is produced when something vibrates causing its the medium (water, air, etc.) around it to vibrate as well. In common everyday speech, speed of sound refers to the speed of sound waves in air. Sound travels faster in liquids and non-porous solids than it does in air. In this experiment,