Anthropology - the San (“Bushmen”) of the Kalahari Desert

Moreover, early married bride are not mentally mature for a family life and they will more likely to feel suffer after got married especially for girl. Indian researchers on child marriage in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh state that girl spouses suffer more than boys because of insufficient socialization, abandonment of education, great physiological and emotional damage. Early married spouse will be missed out on learning how to live by their own and this step actually is the most important part in life before get married especially for girls. How do we expect that one who never learn to manage their own life, to manage their partner life? Maybe they will learn to manage their life together, but how a person is now can change dramatically? This situation will bring a big mess when they start to feel uncomfortable towards each other and start to think about divorce then commit a domestic violence. A study in Jordan, published in 2000 found that 26 per cent of reported cases of domestic violence were committed against wives under 18. This study show that the early

While Barker focuses on clans in Papua New Guinea and Hedican on Scottish clans they both come to the same result, clans are hard to gain consistent information on and much of their histories are muddled, complicated, and contradictory specifically with the whom is related to who debacle and the ‘true’ back story/ symbols accompanying each clan. Both Authors also explore the kinship terms of Papua and how it differs from the Westerner way of labelling family members (cousin being the broadest Westerner term) compared to the flexible descent groups and hazy distinction that separates immediate and extended family in the villages of Papua New

It was these systems of kinship which determined who, and for which, members of the clan were responsible. In a society in which excess and wealth were not valued, in fact discouraged, this was a method of survival and insuran ce. These kin relationships were the foundation for all forms of reciprocity within the clan. For example, when a larger animal was caught in the hunt, it was pre-determined, depending on who captured the animal, who would receive which parts of the animal (Edwards 2005, p. 49). Sharing and reciprocity was not a friendly gesture within Aboriginal communities, it was an obligation which was to be taken seriously. It was a method for Aboriginal people to survive in a sometimes harsh and unforgiving land, which took the lives of many settlers.

Aboriginal relationships are governed by a complex and intricate system of rules, known as “the classificatory system of kinship, and is essential to physical, psychological and emotional survival in traditional Aboriginal society” (Fryer-Smith, 2008, p. 47). It organizes social and economic relationships, all of which are of “vital importance” in Aboriginal societies (Edwards, 1998, p. 85).

Commonly referred to as Bushmen by the general public and thought of as being harsh wild people that live in the “unlivable” Kalahari Desert. The Ju /’hoansi tribe native to the southern African desert, located along the border of Namibia and Botswana, have been misunderstood and stereotyped for a long time. This is until a man by the name of Richard B. Lee came along and wrote an ethnography about the local systems of the Ju and completely changed how an outsider might view this rural tribe, along with being a fine example of proper long-term field research in social anthropology. This highly regarded book on the Ju /’hoansi is titled “The Dobe Ju /’hoansi.” Although Lee states in the

through life in accordance with a tribe’s needs for cultural and economic well-being, in keeping

Choosing an in-law in !Kung San society is primarily arranged by the parents of the woman based on marital status, hunting ability, age, and willingness to accept the responsibilities of family life (Shostak 1981, p.116). The lack of violence and conflict between villages allows !Kung San parents to travel large distances to find an acceptable partner who is not of close relatedness to the girl being married (Shostak 1981, p.115). The almost universal taboo in modern day industrial societies prohibiting marriages between closely related kin is also followed in !Kung San society and the easiest way to avoid marrying your cousin is by marrying someone from a distant group (Shostak 1981, p.115; Allen et al. 2011). Close kinship systems tend to keep families close together so they can all benefit off the same resources. However, in harsh and unpredictable environments, like that faced by the !Kung, flexibility of movement created by non-consanguineous unions and bilateral kinship systems is essential in creating reciprocity systems that allow access to resources that are limiting and seasonal (Allen et al. 2011). Non-consanguineous

In traditional Aboriginal society inter-personal relationships are governed by a Complex system of rules, known as the classificatory system of kinship. The kinship system

Young adults may endure misery as a result of early marriage. Until more is known about their situation there can be no reliable estimates of the scale of their predicament, or of the social damage that is carried forward in the upbringing they give to their own children. One thing is clear is the impact of early marriage on girls and to a lesser extent on boys. Early marriage may bring negatives effect such as, psychosocial disadvantages, hardship on financial, lack of emotional maturity, barrier of education and violence and abandonment.

Little or no schooling strongly relates with being married at a young age. Attending school and having higher levels of education protect girls from the possibility of early marriage. Parents of these children are also not educated and they are not aware of the terrible consequence of early marriages. Parents are also not able to pay school fee so they marry their children at the young ages.

I am going to imagine that I am going to live in the Kalahari Desert to live a traditional semi-nomadic life with the Ju/’hoansi Bushmen. I am going to discuss the five items that I will take with me and the reason why I want to take these items. Then I will discuss how the semi-nomadic life style affects my sense of home my relationship with my environment and my attitude towards the people I am around and my material possessions.

there is a great amount of variability in kinship rules and patterns around the world (O 'neil,2015).

The second category as to why girls are married off so young, is poverty. Education can be a solution to child marriage, however it is too expensive and so families do not see it as necessary if they will marry their daughter into another family. In India, it is tradition for a woman to leave her

Cross table I features the circumstance of early relational unions in Pakistan even in the urban regions. There can be many reasons of early relational unions. In Pakistani setting, when a young lady is the fate of age, she is not any more considered as a kid and for the most part, this occurs at the age of 13-15 years. The second reason is that in the event of vagrant hood, who is there to secure a vagrant young lady of 16-18 years old if possess guardians are not there. In Pakistan such young ladies are , generally given something to do as local laborers and after that each bad form is dispensed to them even assault. So why not to wed her out and ensure her purity. The table backings this reality as all the wedded respondents were young

Birth, marriage and death are the standard trio of key events in most people’s lives. But only one, marriage is a matter of choice (Innocenti Digest, 2001). The rights to have a choice were recognized as a principle of law, yet many girls and some boys enter marriage life without any chance of their rights to choose. Childhood and adolescence are usually the greatest years of one’s life. However, the period is cut short when marriage and adult responsibilities come too early as ones practiced early marriage. Early marriage refers to any form of marriage that takes place before a child has reached eighteen. According to Adlakha, Arjun, Mohamed Ayad and Sushil Kumar (1991) early marriage extends a woman’s reproductive span, thereby