Anti Depressant Drugs Lab Report

The drug is primarily administered to a patient orally and the majority of the dosage is rapidly absorbed in the GI tract. Once ingested and absorbed, metoprolol quickly disperses throughout the body. Approximately 10% of metoprolol in the blood binds to serum albumin. Metabolism of the drug in the body occurs through the combination of alpha-hydroxylation, O-demethylation, and N-dealkylation via oxidative deamination.

The dose was calculated from the Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs by taking the mild treatment for dehydration 50 mL/kg. I used this value since TA’s diarrhea was mild. TA’s weight is 14.54 kg; this value is used to get the mL value to administer (727 mL). Then converted to fluid ounces for ease of patient understanding (24.57 fluid ounces). So I took this value and divided it by four hours to get the dose per hour. This resulted to 6.14 fluid ounces which I rounded down to 6 fluid ounces per hour.

This drug after oral administration is well absorbed (80%-90%), and distributed widely throughout the body, except the brain. Furthermore, is metabolized in the liver to oxypurinol and excreted unchanged in the urine after approximately 6 hours after ingestion, with a half-life of 2-3 hours. During administration of allopurinol, caution should be used with renal impairment patients and renal function test should be performed to determine the appropriate dosage. Hepatotoxicity is also associated with this drug, therefore it should not be given to patients with severe liver

60-80% orally (fasting adults). Food and/or milk reduce GI absorption of oral preparations of tetracycline by 50%.

WHEN: 1) Take Product early in your day with a meal or soon after. 2) Take Product 30 minutes or more after waking up and becoming active. 3) Take Product 10 hours or more before going to bed. 4) Product normally takes effect in 30 to 90 minutes, over time as soon as 20 minutes. 5) Product works smoothly. Some people may not feel all of Product’s energy effect while inactive until engaged in a physical or mental effort. 6) Product wears off slowly without causing deep fatigue (“crash”). 7) One Product capsule normally increases physical energy approximately 4 hours and mental energy over 7 hours.

Excretion – CMS is primarily excreted via glomerular filtration, with 60% excreted unchanged in the urine after 24 hours. In critically ill patients, total body clearance was 0.26L/hr/kg. In cystic fibrosis patients, clearance was around 2mL/min/kg.

Upon oral ingestion, it is quickly absorbed and serum levels peak within 1-4 hours. Most are metabolized to toxic compounds and less than 20% is excreted without being metabolized.

Canagliflozin is given orally with the starting dose of 100 mg once daily prior to first meal of the day. The dose may increase to 300 mg once daily. However, it needs dose adjustment if eGFR is less than 60 mL/min/1.73m 2 and it is contraindicated if eGFR is less than 30 mL/min/1.73m 2. Its half-life is10-13 hours (dose dependent). The absorption is not affected by food, bind 99% to albumin. It is mainly metabolized by O-glucuronidation and minor oxidative metabolism through CYP3A4.1

Pharmacokinetics is the understanding of how a drug moves through the body in relation to the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (Burchum & Rosenthal, 2016). This medication is absorbed following subcutaneous injection into the bloodstream and reach peak concentrations in 30 minutes and decline to untraceable levels within 3 hours; thus, it has a very rapid absorption. Likewise, distribution occurs at a rate of 1.2L/kg and has a half-life of one hour when injected subcutaneously (Nicks, Fowler, & Gaddy, 2010). Teriparatide is metabolized in the liver and eventually excreted by the kidneys.

2 In both cases, more than 90% of the dose was excreted in urine within 24 hours. The

The half-life for absorption is 0.7h and elimination is 63h the volume of distribution is approximately 500 litres and serum half-life of 60 hours. Side effects are encountered at 600mg/L. Oral serum clearance is 75 +/- 7 ml/min, urinary excretion is 15.3 +/- 1.5% of dose and renal serum clearance 10.9 +/- 2.2ml/min [16]. This data is for 25mg of NTU2699t administered twice orally with water. Steady state levels reached in the plasma only after 10-14 days administration.

Isoniazid is no different with a bioavailability of approximately 90%. It is important to note however that this medication is most effective when taken on an empty stomach as food limits the extent of absorption. When taken as prescribed this medication becomes readily available in all body fluids, these include: “CSF, pleural and ascetic fluids, tissues, organs, saliva, sputum, and feces” (Woo & Robinson, 2015, p. 761).

Study of (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion) ADME of a drug provide information regarding the drug's potency and the duration.

Serum levels peak in approximately 2 hours and half-life is 20 to 40 hours (but increased with renal or hepatic impairment).

This drug comes in many different forms it comes in tabs to be taken by mouth. Also it come in parenteral forms to give IM or intra-muslcar which means in a injection form or it can be given IV which means directly into a vein by an access device. when giving the drug by mouth it takes longer to work the peak is one to two hours, the onset is thirty to sixty minutes, the duration is six to eight hours. When giving the drug intra-musclar injection the peak is unknown but the onset is ten to thirty minutes and the duration is four to eight hours. When giving the drug IV pus the peak is 30 minutes, the onset is five minutes and the duration is two hours. The dosage or amour to give varies on the patient the condition and what the drug is being used for.