Anti-Jewish Relations

Consistent with Rossel, Germany has had a past of anti-Semitism, starting in 1542 when the great German Protestant leader Martin Luther wrote a booklet called Against the Jews and Their Lies. Even earlier the Catholic Churches had taught that the Jewish people killed Crist and should therefore be hated (10). Early teachings of anti-Semitism lead to a hating of the Jewish community, but with the German’s calling themselves the “Aryan Race” and the Jewish people calling themselves the “chosen one’s” there was bound to be competition on who was superior.

Years ago, a man was crucified for saying he was God’s Son. His name was Jesus Christ. Those who followed his teachings were named Christians; and Christians soon resented Jews for their sinful act. This tension between Christians and Jews lead to increasing hatred for one another. Not too long ago, anti-Semitism was common. Anti-Semitism led to the death of an entire population during the Holocaust. Luckily, the church has taken measures to rectify this anti-semitism with the publication of Nostra Aetate. In 1965, the Vatican II Council completely transformed the church’s policies and theology with this document. Nostra Aetate signifies “In Our Time.” Indeed, in our time, the ill sentiments towards Jews have changed tremendously. Nostra

The contribution of Pope John XXIII has been profound, as many of his initiatives and actions are still resonating today. His acceptance of Jesus’ words “I came to save all nations.” Represented his motivation to do well and bring peace upon the world. He was an advocate of Christian unity, social justice, human rights and the promotion of world peace. It is through his development of the Second Vatican Council, his contribution to ecumenism and his empathy for humanity that Pope John XXIII made a significant impact upon the development and expression of Christianity.

This examination is important in its historical content because it is often debated whether Pope Pius XII and the Catholic Church actually helped or hurt the Jews during the Holocaust. Some claim that he helped to legitimize the Nazi regime and assisted Hitler himself, while others argue that he silently assisted the Jews while still appearing neutral.

Jews are a standout amongst the most stereotyped religious social orders ever, with the media every now and again utilizing negative pictures at whatever point they write about Judaism and the Jewish race. History demonstrates that Jews were constrained from their country and turned into an itinerant individuals, spreading all through Europe. Regarded as untouchables in Europe, local people were suspicious of the Jews and made numerous myths and pessimistic generalizations about them which are propagated today. Numerous limitations on callings were put on the Jewish individuals in the medieval times. The Catholic Church and numerous Christians accepted that loaning cash for premium was a wrongdoing and was prohibited. This pushed Jews into cash giving and rent gathering sort occupations which the congregation saw as second rate. This prompted the generalization that Jews are ravenous, shabby, mean and even degenerate.

During his Papacy, Pope John XXIII published several encyclicals promoting world peace(Pacem in Terris) and increasing the consciousness of one’s dignity and rights of workers, women and newly independent nations (Mater et Magisterum). Pacem in Terris was addressed to the whole world and received warmly by Christians and non-Christians alike. It altered thinking about the Cold War and initiated the resurgence of Catholic social teaching.

Adolf Hitler wanted the Jewish race to be destroyed forever. But he didn’t just stop at beliefs. Even if you were a Christian, Catholic, Atheist, etc., you were still in danger. You were still in danger because if you looked Jewish to him then you were swooped up and taken hostage in a concentration camp.

Two years later and just before the outbreak of World War II, in February 1939, Pope Pius XI died. Cardinal Pacelli was then elected Pope and became Pope Pius XII. Due to his previous anti-Nazi ideals, the future Allied powers were confident that Pius XII would fully support their part in WWII; however, Pope Pius XII would remain neutral throughout the war (Sanchez 17). At the beginning of his papacy, Pius XII told Vatican officials that 'to me the German question is the most important; I will reserve handling it to myself.' He added, 'Naturally I will follow German matters closer than all others" (Phayer 44). Pius XII hoped that remaining neutral in the war would evade battles in Vatican City.

   The world has been plagued with the specter of anti-Semitism for many centuries. This hatred manifested itself in the frenzy of Nazism and the deaths of six million Jews, the Holocaust as it has come to be known. If someone were to reveal an eight step plan for the removal of Jews from European society, one would readily associate such a plan with Adolf Hitler. One would not, however, think also of Martin Luther, though he himself wrote an essay in 1543 entitled "Concerning the Jews and their Lies" outlining such a plan. This is not to suggest that Luther was akin to Hitler in action or deed. This does suggest that Luther, the spark of the Protestant Reformation and father of German

German Attitudes Toward the Jews and the Final Solution There are those that claim that Hitler’s conscious personal hatred of the Jews, his unique and central role in the rise of Nazi Germany were fundamental in the development of the anti-Jewish policies that emerged leading to the final solution. However, there is strong evidence to suggest that the anti- Jewish feeling in Germany reflected a much stronger, widespread support amongst its people and this essay will examine the role and attitudes of the German people towards the Final Solution. On the 1st of April, 1933, the boycott of Jewish businesses reflected evidence of widespread anti Jewish feelings amongst the lower bureaucracy of the

The Jewish commonly known by the semantically misleading term anti-Semitism. They have a very long and bitter history which is mean sadness. In the United States subject many, anti-Jewish hatred and violence have flared periodically. One of the most notorious anti-Jewish incidents in the United States during the 20th century occurred in Atlanta and Georgia. For example, Leo Frank, he is a Jewish American who was part owner of a pencil factory, he was wrongfully accused of murdering a 14-year-old employee. Mary Phagan. In July 1915, encouraged by widespread community anger and the anti-Jewish invective of Tom Watson, a southern populist politician, a mob lynched

With this propaganda the Nazi attacked the churches and their members between 1934 and 1936. The Nazis shut down Catholic schools, the Hitler Youth absorbed several youth groups, and the Gestapo arrested dozens of Catholic priests and accused them of immorality. This anti-Catholic campaign produced a defensive reaction from the Church. In March 1937, Pope Pius XI issued a papal encyclical entitled Mit Brennender Sorge (‘With Burning Anxiety’), in which the Pope condemned the violations of the Reichskonkordat and criticized the racial policies of the regime and the lack of justice or natural law in the Nazi state. This marked the beginning of the resistance that the Catholic Church put up against the Nazi regime.

A well known liberal catholic, Père Hyacinthe Loyson, addressed his opinion about the significant case of the Dreyfus Affair to captain Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish captain officer in the French army, and said, “You belong to a race, that of Israel, which has suffered much, and which has suffered for humanity. That race has in you been hated and persecuted.”. Loyson and many others who opposed the Dreyfus Affair helped lead the spread of anti-Semitism in France. However, those who supported Dreyfus and the affair were shocked to realize that despite Jewish emancipation in Europe and the struggles France went through during the French Revolution for independence, racial prejudice on Jews hadn’t come to a standstill. Therefore, the Dreyfus affair

Frantz, Meyer and Lagarde's influence only reached a small audience and their campaign to revoke emancipation would only reach law if their anti-Semitic propaganda would reach a broader public. With the decline of parliamentary Liberalism official Catholic anti-Semitism became a rarity. Despite attempts to make the public more aware of the Jewish problem, like Joachim Gehlsen did in the Deutsche Eisenbahnzeitung, or Otto Glagau did in his additions to the Grunderzeit, none would compare to that of one Adolf Stocker, who would make the biggest impact on the movement.

Many religious conflicts are built from bigotry; however, only few will forever have an imprint on the world’s history. While some may leave a smear on the world’s past, some – like the homicide of Semitic people – may leave a scar. The Holocaust, closely tied to World War II, was a devastating and systematic persecution of millions of Jews by the Nazi regime and allies. Hitler, an anti-Semitic leader of the Nazis, believed that the Jewish race made the Aryan race impure. The Nazis did all in their power to annihilate the followers of Judaism, while the Jews attempted to rebel, rioted against the government, and united as one. Furthermore, the genocide had many social science factors that caused the opposition between the Jews and Nazis.