Anti-Semitism In The 19th Century

One event that encouraged Anti-Semitism and increased tensions leading up to Kristallnacht and beyond was the announcement of the Nuremberg Laws in September of 1935. This set of laws created by the Nazi party made sharp distinctions between the rights and privileges of Germans and Jews (Sigward 291). This redefined citizenship in the Third Reich and laid the groundwork for a racial state. For example, the Reich of Citizenship Law stripped Jews of their citizenship, claiming they didn’t have “German blood” (Sigward 291). Those of Jewish descent were denied the right to vote and the ability to obtain a valid passport or visa to leave the country. This law completely dehumanized Jews living in Germany and made them stateless, which caused those of the Aryan race or pure German descent to feel superior. In the Nuremburg Laws, Article 5 of the First Regulation to the Reich Citizenship Law defined a Jew as a descendant of three or more Jewish grandparents or two Jewish parents (Sigward 293). These laws lead to the Jews being persecuted for who they were, rather than the faith they believed during previous years. As a result of these laws being carried out, German nationalism and Anti-Semitism across the Reich increased drastically .

Consistent with Rossel, Germany has had a past of anti-Semitism, starting in 1542 when the great German Protestant leader Martin Luther wrote a booklet called Against the Jews and Their Lies. Even earlier the Catholic Churches had taught that the Jewish people killed Crist and should therefore be hated (10). Early teachings of anti-Semitism lead to a hating of the Jewish community, but with the German’s calling themselves the “Aryan Race” and the Jewish people calling themselves the “chosen one’s” there was bound to be competition on who was superior.

New generalizations emerged through this time with Nazi's accepting that Jews not just held an excessive amount of monetary and

Racial antisemitism was born in the Nineteenth Century when laws were passed in many European countries posing the Jewish people as second-class citizens, not receiving the same rights as others in society. While they had reached a level of religious emancipation in some countries, Judaism had become recognized as an ethnicity as well, and this ethnic difference from the Aryans therefore made them “inferior.” Pogroms began across Eastern Europe in the late 1800’s which resulted in

Through the course of history, the Jewish people have been mistreated, condemned, robbed, even put to death because of their religion. In the Middle Ages, they were forced to wear symbols on their clothing, identifying them as Jews. The dates 1933 to 1945 marked the period of the deadly Holocaust in which many atrocities were committed against the Jewish people and minority groups not of Aryan descent. Six million innocent Jews were exterminated because of Hitler’s “Final Solution.” This paper will exhibit how Adolf Hitler used the three anti-Jewish policies written in history, conversion, expulsion, and annihilation to his advantage.

In pre-war 1933-1934 the first set of legislations were announced the first major law was “Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service” and was passed in April 7th 1933. This law excluded Jewish from “state service” which was the exclusion from organisations, professions, university and other aspects of life. May 10th 1933 was the first burning of books publicly written by Jewish authors and peoples who spoke out about the status of Germany. 1935 was a tough year for Jewish citizens. May 21st the army expels Jewish peoples from their respected roles. September 15th was the day that the “Nuremberg laws” passed, these laws we’re the REAL wave of anti-Semitic laws these laws were Jewish people where not considered to be part of the German race, they’ve been disconnected as citizens and now are just “Jews” and is where we get to see the hatred of the “different/inferior” races. They’ve also defended the word “Jew” even though that’s kind of impossible, and that is “Anyone with three Jewish grandparents; someone with two Jewish grandparents who identifies as a Jew.” Things only got worse with time, as in 1936 three major laws were pass to limit the Jewish communities occupations. They were banned from being: Tax agents, Advisors (January 1936) Veterinarians (April 1936) and lastly they’re banned from working as teachers in government school (October 1936) they’re being limited of where they can work and are slowly being forced out of Germany. 1939 august 1st laws past that Jews are not permitted to buy lottery tickets. Many other laws were passed such as limiting number of Jewish students going to schools and university, Jews aren’t allowed to enter bars, banning midwives from having an

In 1933, Adolf Hitler was named Chancellor of Germany, the beginning of the end for the Jewish. As soon as Hitler was named Chancellor he began passing laws that hindered the Jewish. It started with the Nuremberg Laws, which stated the Jewish couldn’t marry German citizens. Soon after, the Jewish were being openly thought of as ‘less than human’. The Jewish now had separate schools, hospitals, and even different park benches: “The Nazi persecution started with hateful words, escalated to discrimination and dehumanization, and culminated in genocide.” (ushmm). This quote shows how hateful words and indifference can have grisly consequences on the underdogs of the situation.The Jewish had to wear stars to show that they were Jewish so they could be avoided. Parades of anti-semitism were now common entertainment. German media was helping by spreading propaganda, in which they blamed the Jewish for all of their misfortune. The Jewish would be tortured in aforesaid ways for five years in silence before Kristallnacht, also regarded to as ‘the Night of Broken Glass’; for all the glass that littered the streets from Jewish businesses, which had been vandalized. Unfortunately, these acts were only the first of a myriad of adversities that the Jewish would have to suffer.

Throughout the history of political parties and factions, none has been so infamous as that of the Nazi party. They were the world’s enemies for a decade in the early twentieth century, and still continue to stir up controversy throughout the world. Understanding what the Nazis believed in, how anti semitism contributed to Nazi beliefs, and if Nazis still exist today helps to conclude why they did certain actions.

“The first Jewish bill was passed in May 1938. It was set a 20% limit for Jews in certain professions and declared that it was a “national duty” for Hungarians to banish Jews to the sidelines in public private life. The second Jewish law was passed the following year. This law limited Jewish employment in the professions to six% and

Though World War I may have been seen as the cause that all Americans would rally behind, it actually divided with several small but significant minorities, like immigrants, religious pacifists, anticapitalists, women, and - for a short time - the Democrats, opposing the war. Certain groups of immigrants opposed the war due to the side that the Americans supported because of “Old World prejudices… and animosities.” Irish Americans didn’t want to support the British due to a deeply embedded hatred of Great Britain, while Jews hesitated on supporting Russia because of its government’s anti-Semitism. Some German Americans were on the German side, but in reality, most supported the war and still were unfairly persecuted. Of course, religious pacifists,

African Americans are not the only ethnic group that were discriminated; Jews were also a big challenge for the American society to accept in the 1920’s despite the success that they might had achieved. The 20’s and 30’s were the time when there was a huge migration of Jews to America, which caused an Anti-Semitism movement to emerge. The foreigners differed greatly from white people, which caused a lot of antipathy. Mr. Wolfsheim is a character who represents Jews in the novel: “A small flat-nosed Jew raised his large head and regarded me with two fine growths of hair which luxuriated in either nostril. After a moment I discovered his tiny eyes in the half-darkness” (Fitzgerald 69).

The Nuremberg Laws effectively banned the Jews from any citizen rights. The ‘Blood Law’ or Reich’s Citizenship Law banned Jews from marrying Germans, it banned them from sexual relations with Aryans, it banned the Jewish people from displaying the National flag and effectively stripped them of their rights to citizenship. The debate about what defined a Jew tested Hitler in the weeks following the Nuremberg Rally eventually creating the ‘mischlinge’ category of 1st or 2nd degree half Jews, all of which were subject to less but varying degrees of discrimination. The two years that followed were also relatively quiet as far the Jewish question was concerned

Before the nineteenth century anti-Semitism was largely religious, based on the belief that the Jews were responsible for Jesus' crucifixion. It was expressed later in the Middle Ages by persecutions and expulsions, economic restrictions and personal restrictions. After Jewish emancipation during the enlightenment, or later, religious anti-Semitism was slowly replaced in the nineteenth century by racial prejudice, stemming from the idea of Jews as a distinct race. In Germany theories of Aryan racial superiority and charges of Jewish domination in the economy and politics in addition with other anti-Jewish propaganda led to the rise of anti-Semitism. This growth in anti-Semitic belief led to Adolf Hitler's rise to power and eventual

As the Enlightenment moved on the political sphere, Jews would be challenged in the same manner of the Lavater affair to desist with dualism to align with a single identity. Enlightened despots called upon the Enlightenment ideas of tolerance in an attempt to create stable nations. Rulers issued a series of edits exemplifying Locke and Rousseau’s social contract model; these edits aimed to eliminate restrictions on Jews in order to make them, “useful and serviceable to the State.” In exchange for tolerance or Dildung, Jews should first eliminate all “customary distinctive marks”, enabling them to be “treated as all other subjects, without distinction of nationality or religion.” In 1872, German scholar Christian Wilhelm asserted, “the

In the tumultuous period leading up to World War II, a series of laws were devised in Nazi Germany that subjected the Jewish people to prohibitory and discriminatory forms of treatment. Although the Jewish people only accounted for 503,000 of the 55 million occupants of the country, Adolf Hitler’s dictatorship preached the incorporation of anti-Semitism into law and practice in order to quell the people he considered to be the enemy of the country.