Antibiotic Resistance Essay

Finish all antibiotics and the importance of finishing the medication. If patient stop taking their medication in the middle of treatment the infection can come back.

Antibiotic resistance evolves in bacteria. Charles Darwin created the theory of evolution which focused on natural selection being the key factor of how things change. Natural selection is when organisms that are better suited to the environment are able to reproduce successfully. Evolution is descent with modification. Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics by a mutation. The bacteria that did not die from the antibiotic inherited the gene from an ancestor that made it resistant. Since the other bacteria is dying faster than the resistant bacteria, the resistant bacteria are able to multiply

Antibiotic resistance is when microorganisms, such as bacteria, are able to survive an exposure to antibiotics and these bacteria are now resistant to the effects of these antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria has been an issue since antibiotics were discovered. The fact that bacteria can become resistant to our medical treatments such as antibiotics is a natural evolutionary process, but there are certain human contributions that definitely speed up the process. For example, one of the main contributions that will be discussed is the problem of over prescription of the antibiotic drugs. The

The misuse and overdose of the antibiotics increase the resistance problem. It can cause these bacteria to

When antibiotic is used most of the bacteria die but a few bacteria with antibiotic resistance gene survive and reproduce and pass this advantage to their offsprings. This selective pressure exists naturally, however antibiotic misuse can be accused for fastening the spread of the antibiotic resistance gene [Refer to figure 2] (Learn Genetics 2015). Consequently, inappropriate antibiotic intake will lead to a greater chance of superbugs being developed. Antibiotic resistance can be defined as a new ability which a bacterium has developed to stay unattached in the presence of an antibiotic that was previously effective to destroy the bacterium (ABC science 2015). Four key mechanisms that has been identified for bacterial antibiotic resistance can be listed as: producing enzymes that inhibit the functionality of the drug, reducing the effectiveness of the drug by producing targets against which the antibiotic, reducing the permeability of the drug into the bacterium and active export of antibiotics using various pumps (Pogson 2012). All these mechanisms can be developed by any of the bacteria when the corresponding mutated gene of antibacterial resistance is received. The genes code for specific proteins, and variation in the gene leads to alteration of the shape of proteins. This leads to changing the functionality

Widespread use of antibiotics has been very controversial in the media as well in the general population. Due to these controversies, it is very misunderstood to how antibiotics work leading to many patients in the hospital setting wanting to take them when it is not necessary or refusing to take when it is necessary for their survival. Some of this controversy is due to antibiotic resistance, which has spread an alarming rate in the 21st century (Walsh, 2000). Antibiotic resistance is the result of very strong bacteria or microbes that are resistant to the antibiotic prescribed and those microbes accumulate overtime by their survival, reproduction and transfer, leading to increased levels of antibiotic resistance.

Antibiotic resistance happens when bacteria come into contact with an antibiotic over and over again.

Another way that bacteria can be invaded by antibiotics and resist it is the following: they let the antibiotic in and then remove it. They simply let the antibiotic in through the cell and they have parts of the bacteria that will remove the antibiotic from the cell before it can do any harm. They can also build resistance another way. Some antibiotics work by harming one or more necessary parts of the cell so it cannot function any more. For example, if an antibiotic invades the bacterial cell and destroys the way the cell can reproduce, it would eventually die off. Unfortunately, bacteria have found a way to resist this, and still function without the part of the cell. The way that they normally preform this has been destroyed, but some bacteria find new ways to still carry out this function using a different method. Sometimes when bacteria want to build resistance they will do it in advance. For example they will over prepare and make more vitamins than necessary before they come in contact with the antibiotic. When the antibiotic kills some of them off, there are too many vitamins in the cell that they just cannot all be

Like any other organism, bacterium are subject to evolutionary pressure. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is rarely the result of a single mutation leading to full resistance, but rather the result of a series of mutations that incrementally increased antibiotic resistance. For example, in the case of fluoroquinolone resistance, resistance started with a mutation in the efflux pump, granting Streptococcus pneumoniae the ability to survive certain treatment regimens (13). This became an issue when people started to misuse their antibiotics. In this particular example, because patients did not follow their prescription regimens, they only killed the bacteria not resistant to fluoroquinolone. This selective pressure drove bacteria to further develop fluoroquinolone resistance, meaning that the initial infection remained untreated, and would now require a

Under the circumstances where dosage of antibiotics is not necessary or not sufficient, even though normal bacteria will die, bacteria that possess genes for antibiotic resistance will likely survive, giving them the opportunity to reproduce, creating new bacteria with their traits of being resistant to antibiotics. This is because these types of bacteria have been naturally selected for antibiotic resistance so that they can survive under the conditions of antibiotics. As a result, bacteria can emerge to be drug resistant to antibiotics thanks to the process of natural

Sometimes medicines are not needed if the case isn’t serious. If the infection needs serious attention, doctors will first cut or drain the infected area and then determine if there is any bacterial resistance to antibiotics. If the bacteria is resistant to any type of antibiotic then the doctor will not prescribe any to the patient.

Diagnosis will include a medical history and physical exam. You may also have tests on your blood or stool to identify the bacteria.

Antibiotic resistance is a type resistance of bacterial infection to the drug prescribed by doctors to individuals who are infected. Antibodies that are given to a person may not be enough to cure a bacterial infection due to “superbugs” which is a pathogen resistant to many different types of antibodies.

Less than 50 years after penicillin was discovered, strains of bacteria were discovered to be resistant to antibiotics (Haddox, 2013). Over the years scientists have changed the structure of the antibiotics to avoid this resistance, every time the bacteria adapts to overcome the changes. Bacteria divides as fast as 20 minutes and have many different ways to adapt (Haddox, 2013). Bacteria pass their drug resistance between strains and species, causing antibiotics to be less effective to all bacteria (Haddox, 2013).

If you take too many antibiotics or antibiotics for too long, some bacteria may find a way over a long period of time of becoming resistant.