Antibiotic Resistance In Primary Care

Bacteria are single celled organisms. Some classify them as a separate (fourth) kingdom on the tree of life.

uring the mid to late nineteenth-century, physicians and scientists had begun to understand that diseases are caused by microorganisms. This was a radical departure from traditional medical theories which had held that diseases were caused by miasmas or an

I think both the government and hospitals have the responsibility to tracking this dangerous health problem and everyone has right for supporting the research for the new drug. This way we will have a better way to deal with antibiotic resistant. We will have an organize data and reports to know where the resistance is occurring like they do in

The book, Missing Microbes, by Martin J. Blaser, MD, was a very different read, then our other book, The Creative Destruction of Medicine, by Eric Topol, MD. In this book Dr. Blaser discusses the overuse of antibiotics and how it is affecting the United States. The United States has had a major increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases and Dr. Blaser explains the reasoning. The advancement of medicine and the increase use seems to be causing more harm than good in today’s society. Dr. Blaser discusses how the use of antibiotics and drugs to treat different illnesses may also be causing long-term effects on people’s lives. Dr. Blaser believes that our missing microbes may have something to do with main chronic diseases such as: allergies, asthma, cancers, diabetes, and obesity. These are the main diseases causing havoc on our population today affecting all of our families in some form or fashion. Dr. Blaser backs his theory by providing evidence and facts to prove his theory. The belief of Dr. Blaser based on this book could cause harm to some of us who are trying to be allied health professionals, not only in the future but also now. The effects has even trickled into agriculture with the animals being pumped with antibiotics and steroids to increase their size, which we ingest and get the effects of those drugs also.

This problem creates a vicious cycle for Americans because infections among patients lead to the overuse of antibiotics, in turn creating more antibiotic resistance, which can lead to death among Americans. Infection cannot only physically kill patients, but can kill them financially as well. Overall, this problem needs to be addressed more closely by Americans in order to make a slight difference in changing the health care

After reading this article, it is apparent that antibiotic resistance is becoming a larger problem as the years pass. For as long as antibiotic resistance must persist, it is crucial for healthcare providers to be especially thorough when it comes to decontamination and recognizing the need for it. Since it is possible for gene transfer to occur on stainless steel and other surfaces at room temperature, contaminated surfaces must be immediately and effectively decontaminated, especially if this surface is exposed to a patient, whom is usually a vulnerable target for pathogens. If a healthcare worker who works in direct contact with patients or objects that will be in direct contact with patients haphazardly disinfects something, it is possible

The most susceptible types of patients are those with immunocompromised systems who from severe underlying diseases such as diabetes mellitus, human immunodeficiency virus or chronic pulmonary obstruction and as a result are hospitalized for long term treatment. [2][4] Most but not all studies have found a higher prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in hospitals in general and in intensive care units (ICUs) in particular than in the

In studying microbiology we have learned that all living organisms have cells and these cells are the basic units of structure in all organisms. Bacteria are microorganisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye but they are all around. Bacteria are categorized to distinguish their contributions to the world of science. Over the years microbiologist and scientist have studied bacteria and cells functions within our environment. Prokaryote and Eukaryote are bacterial cells they have definite characteristic, the anatomical difference between them will distinguish the cells functions.

Antibiotic resistance occurs when antibiotics are no longer effective in controlling bacterial growth. The phenomenon of antibiotic resistance can be explained by the processes of selective pressure in which the strongest strains of bacteria survive antibiotic therapy, resulting in "superbugs" that are resistant to almost every type of antibiotic available for use (Davies & Davies, 2010). Because of this, certain bacterial infections are evolving that have no effective treatments. This resistance creates a threat to the common medicinal practices of today and can be seen as a global problem; perhaps one of the world's most serious problems. The issue of antibiotic resistance is emerging rapidly as a result of a myriad of uniformed practices and misuse of antibiotics.

A bacteria is a microscopic organism that is a member of cellular microorganisms that have cell walls. Bacteria can be found all around the world. They can be found in soil, water, plants, animals, arctic ice, glaciers, hot springs, etc. Bacteria have been around for a very long time. They existed even before humans.

Antibiotic resistance had been a crisis in the United States for many years now. According to the CDC, “up to 50% of the time, antibiotics are not optimally prescribed, often done so when not needed, [or with] incorrect dosing or duration” (CDC). More and more bacteria are becoming antibiotic resistant mostly due to incorrect amount and length of dosage, while sometimes, even the actual antibiotic is incorrectly given to the patient. Because of this, many strains of bacteria had become resistant to these antibiotics and thus, have infected more and more

In layman terms, our approach to killing bacteria is proving to be a terribly planned strategy. Some of this convincing data has already been used as evidence by law-makers to change laws. The Food & Drug Administration banned the use of antibiotics in animals in America, to prevent the selection of resistance from recurring. The European Union has changed the European wide law about how biocides are registered, and now it’s a requirement for any new biocide to be registered, as well as be proven safe to use in fight against antibiotic resistant bacteria. With the implementation of these new laws we move in the right direction. Based on the data of 114 countries, the consequences of antibiotic resistant bacteria aren’t just a prediction, but a

Antimicrobial drug resistance (AMDR) is a clinical phenomena, it means that the ability of specific microorganism to acquire resistance property against certain antibiotic which it was susceptible before (Meyers, 1987; Russell, 1997). AMDR process is the natural consequence of pathogen adaptation to antimicrobials used in medicine, animal food, agriculture and household activities (Gould & Meer 2005, p. 617).

The health issues that this article focuses on is antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance is a major problem in the healthcare field because antibiotics are not being produced at the same rate as the bacteria are strengthening. The article explains how a new test can help physicians know when strong second line antibiotics are necessary. Without this test physicians will continue to automatically prescribe the strongest antibiotics to be sure

Antibiotic resistance is not a new phenomenon and has been around since the inception of antibiotics almost 50 years ago. However, instead of improving with the advancements of modern technology and medicine, multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) are becoming more difficult to combat as they are becoming resistant to more types of antibiotics. Recently, the resistance problem has worsened considerably in Gram-negative bacilli, which are responsible for a variety of nosocomial infections in patients. The Acinetobacter spp. in particular is an organism that is synonymous to the hospital environment and recent studies have found that of the 1,085 isolates of Acinetobacter spp., 14.9% and 41.8% were resistant to seven, and to all eight antimicrobial agents tested, respectively (Lee, Yong, Jeong, & Chong, 2011). Not only are MDROs increasing in resistance to more types of antibiotics, but the pre-existing organisms that are found in hospitals today are increasing in strength to specific antibiotics as well. The findings by Lee et al. (2011) concluded that 70% of all S. aureus were resistant to methicillin (MRSA), with the proportion of Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) at 78.9%. Upon examination, the research reveals that the trends of MDROs are on the rise, especially in the hospital setting.