Antibiotic Resistance Lab Report

The development of antibiotics was an important advancement in 20th century medicine. Previously deadly infectious diseases are now routinely treated with antibiotics. Moreover, for modern-day medical procedures such as chemotherapy treatment to be successful, antibiotic use is necessary. For these reasons, the prospect of bacteria developing widespread resistance to antibiotics is a major concern as it would render many modern-day medical therapies unviable.

Antibiotic resistance is when microorganisms, such as bacteria, are able to survive an exposure to antibiotics and these bacteria are now resistant to the effects of these antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria has been an issue since antibiotics were discovered. The fact that bacteria can become resistant to our medical treatments such as antibiotics is a natural evolutionary process, but there are certain human contributions that definitely speed up the process. For example, one of the main contributions that will be discussed is the problem of over prescription of the antibiotic drugs. The

Antibiotic resistance has emerged as one of the greatest public health concerns of the 21st century. Nearly every type of bacteria has become stronger and less responsive to antibiotic treatment. This can eventually make it impossible to treat certain infections, leading to serious disability or death. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections can be attributed to overuse and over prescription. The uses of antibiotics in livestock are increasing resistance for animals and humans.

Widespread use of antibiotics has been very controversial in the media as well in the general population. Due to these controversies, it is very misunderstood to how antibiotics work leading to many patients in the hospital setting wanting to take them when it is not necessary or refusing to take when it is necessary for their survival. Some of this controversy is due to antibiotic resistance, which has spread an alarming rate in the 21st century (Walsh, 2000). Antibiotic resistance is the result of very strong bacteria or microbes that are resistant to the antibiotic prescribed and those microbes accumulate overtime by their survival, reproduction and transfer, leading to increased levels of antibiotic resistance.

Antibiotics are medicines that are used to treat bacterial infections. Antibiotic resistance means that an antibiotic is no longer effective in treating an infection. Resistance can develop if you use antibiotics the wrong way.

The overconsumption of antibiotics is a big contribution to drug resistance and is why users should know what happens with the repeated use of these drugs. Even though some bacterial mutation occurs naturally, human use of antibacterial is the cause of higher-levels of resistance (Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics 2014). Bacteria mutate either by genetic mutation or by receiving the defensive agent. During an infection bacteria multiply naturally within the body and when exposed to antibiotics, bacteria have an opportunity to adapt to the drug (Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics 2014). During this period of

This measure of the inhibition zone indicated the susceptibility or resistance of the bacterium to the antibiotic. And by comparing the experimentally determined zone diameters with known diameters, susceptibility patterns known

Antibiotic resistance is when bacteria are able to resist the effects of

The goal of antimicrobial susceptibility testing is to predict the success or failure of antibiotic therapy. Tests are performed and measure the growth response of an isolated organism to a selected drug or medicine. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing ought to be combined with clinical information and skill once choosing the foremost appropriate antibiotic. There are many factors to think about in selecting an appropriate antibiotic for treatment of a bacterial infection. The foremost basic of those is whether the causative organism is prone to a selected antibiotic, and the way much of that antibiotic are necessary to inhibit or kill the organism. Whereas we tend to do

The fact that each bacterial species, and even some of their respective strains, responds uniquely to a given antimicrobial makes it necessary to have methods, which provide researchers and clinicians with measurable susceptibilities. This need has become prevalent since the rising of later generations of antimicrobial compounds achieved by chemical modifications of the naturally occurring antibiotics. By utilizing the Kirby-Bauer method, researchers and clinicians are able to determine the susceptibility of given microorganisms to different antibiotics and antimicrobials. While antibiotics specifically target bacteria, antimicrobials cast a

Regular low doses of antibiotics that aren’t strong enough to destroy or kill bacteria provides a suitable environment for bacteria to develop mechanism of survival or to become resistant. The bacteria acquires ways to fight off antibiotics through hindering antibiotics from reaching their target cells .For example changing the permeability of cell walls or distorting the structure of cells or completely replacing them . So, in brief antibiotic resistance happens whenever an antibiotic losses its ability to effectively kill or control the growth of bacteria.

Penicillin is a natural enzyme inhibitor which was accidentally discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. The drug was the first antibiotic discovered by modern science and has continually played an important role in the fight against infections.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a problem so serious that "it threatens the achievements of modern medicine",3 and has developed faster than new antimicrobial agents coming to the market despite preventive efforts such as prudent use of available antibiotics,5 exemplifying the urgent need for additional research in this field. Antimicrobial resistance is common among organisms responsible for widespread and life-threatening disorders such as sepsis, bacteremia, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, bone and respiratory disorders. Over the past few years, antimicrobial resistance has significantly increased among gram-negatives such as Escherichia coli6,7 (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae8 (K. pneumoniae) and gram-positives such as Enterococcus

Antimicrobial resistance is the ability of a microorganism to withstand the effects of an antibiotic drug in which it was originally sensitive to. Resistant organisms are able to withstand attack by antimicrobial drugs such as antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirals which makes standard treatment procedures ineffective. Antimicrobial resistance is something that has evolved naturally via natural selection through random mutations, it can also be achieved by applying an evolutionary stress on a population. Once a gene mutation is generated, bacteria can then transfer genetic information horizontally, between individuals, by plasmid exchange. When a microorganism carries multiple resistance genes, it is

Antibiotics have been the answer to many bacterial infections for the past 70 years (Antibiotic/ Antimicrobial Resistance). Antibiotics are “medicines used to treat infections or diseases caused by bacteria” (“What are Antibiotics?”). Antibiotics were prescribed to cure many diseases. Doctors prescribed many antibiotics during World War II. World War II was the start of the antibiotic era. Just when antibiotics were being greatly produced, bacteria started to evolve and became resistant to these medicines. What is antibiotic resistance? According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Antibiotic resistance occurs when an antibiotic has lost its ability to effectively control or kill bacterial growth” (“General Background”). Improper use of antibiotics causes antibiotic resistance and has many effects associated with it. People may be drug abusers and this can cause resistance in the body. Some people will only take antibiotics because they believe it is the only way they will get better. When a person uses drugs to get rid of a sickness they may start to overcompensate, but when they do, the drug may have less of an effect because the body has become so used to the drugs medicine. That is because the bacteria has found a way to avoid the effects of the antibiotic.