Anticancer Drugs : The Treatment Of Malignant Or Malignant Disease

One of them is Gleevec (Imatinib mesylate), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was called a “magical bullet”. This was the first targeted therapy drug used to treat cancer. It was invented in the late 1990’s, to treat “chronic myeloid leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal growth”. Imatinib is tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Tyrosine kinase is a protein that cells use to signal to each other to grow (Iqbal and Iqbal, 2014, p.1). It works by preventing a tyrosine kinase enzyme and therefore inhibits growth factor-induced receptor phosphorylation and blocks the PDGF/PDGFR and P13-k/Akt pathway (Kheradmand, et.al.2016, p.83). According to Richardson (2010, p.679), the drug Velcade was also known as “Bortezomib” is useful in the treatment of multiple myelomas. The main goal of this drug is to lower the tumor growth significantly. The American cancer society (2013, para.20) studies show Bortezomib is a “proteasome inhibitor”. It works by blocking or slowing down the action of proteosome is to break down protein in both healthy and cancerous cells. When proteosome activity is blocked, proteins in the cells accumulate. This accumulation may cause cells to stop growing and multiplying, and cause them to die and Sutent (Sunitinib) is a drug used to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma. It is currently approved as a second-line treatment of MRCC. Sunitinib inhibits the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and stops the growth of tumors (Kolesar, et.al. 2008, pp.123 131). It is considered as a multi- targeted kinase inhibitor because it is a type of VEGF inhibitor, an angiogenesis inhibitor, and it blocks an enzyme called tyrosine kinase. By doing all of this, it slows cancer growth and keeps tumors from making their own blood vessels to help them grow and spread (American

There are many different type of cancers, there are also many different types of treatments. One of the most known types of treatments would be chemotherapy. Chemotherapy can be used for a wide range of different types of cancers and diseases, and each of the different types of cancers or diseases require a different group, and sometimes order, of chemicals to properly treat the cancer or disease. These chemicals include: Alkylating agents, Antimetabolites, Anthracyclines, Topoisomerase inhibitors, mitotic inhibitors, corticosteroids, and more. Each of these drugs previously listed have its own cancer type(s) or disease(s) that it can assist in treating. Some of these cancers include: Leukemia, Lymphoma, Hodgkin disease, multiple

1. Cisplatin is an alkylating medicine that produces intra-strand and inter-strand cross-linking of DNA, resulting in strand breakage.

This allows it to interact with other atoms in many ways. This is very significant when Platinum is used in anticancer drugs for chemotherapy. Cisplatin is a Platinum based drug and is one of the oldest and most successful anticancer drug in the history of chemo prescriptions. The molecule structure of DNA is very important for the interaction of Cisplatin. It is a double-helix and is held together by building blocks, scientifically known as nucleotides. Through the bases of DNA, Platinum is then able to its job. The drug reacts in a displacement reaction. The chlorine atoms that are in our bodies are displaced by the aqua ligand, a coordination compound of metal ions and water, which is the displaced by the nitrogen in the DNA. The cisplastin then is left to interact with the DNA and creates two cross-link stands. Repairing mechanisms in the body then separate the cisplastin from the DNA which then causes the damage of the unhealthy cells. (Carmen Drahl 2017) this is shown in fig

Earlier studies on mice have shown that the poison can specifically attack and destroy tumor cells.

Niosomes can alter the metabolism; prolong circulation and half life of the drug, thus decrease the side effects of antineoplastic drugs. Niosomally entrapped methotrexate and doxorubicin showed beneficial effects over the free drug, such as decreased rate of proliferation of the tumor and higher plasma levels accompanied by slower elimination (9).

In the past, most of the cancer drugs were developed to hinder the growth of tumors. The main strategy was so called “targeted therapies, which interfere with genetic signals that act like accelerators, causing tumors to grow.”1 However, because there are too many pathways and signals that can act as an accelerator of the cancer growth, a single drug was usually not enough to suppress the cancer.

    Cancer is a disease in which cells multiply out of control and gradually build a mass of tissue called a tumor. There has been a large amount of research dedicated to the treatment and cure of cancer. Several types of treatments have been developed. The following are just some of the major examples of cancer therapy: surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, biologic therapy, biorhythms, unconventional treatments, and hyperthermia. Each type of treatment is discussed in detail below.

This review will provide a brief investigation of current cancer therapies and the lack of effectiveness that these treatments provide while treating the disease. The aim of this review is to discuss the urgent need to develop new and effective cancer therapy options that can bridge the gap between the various types of cancer and effective cancer targeting.

Cancer has become an epidemic across America. About 13 million Americans have cancer and a little over 1 million are diagnosed every year. For years Oncologist have been looking for treatments to cure this horrible disease(American Cancer Society, 2013). Chemistry has such a major impact on the research of cancer. The chemistry within Oncology & Cancer Research has greatly increased our knowledge and capabilities for developing new treatments or actually finding a significant cure (American Cancer Society,2013). This paper is explaining how chemistry is used to seek out cancer cells, treat, and also inform how the different chemicals are affecting our body.

Among treatment given to patients diagnosed with cancer, chemotherapy is considered the most effective, and thus most commonly

We continued to add different branches. In the following we used the biological nitrogen atom withmethyl and benzene ring ,is called (1z)-1-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)-3-(N-((cyclopenta-1,3-dienyl)-Nmethyl

Cancer is the main cause of growing mortality all over the world , it is expected that there will be 19.3 million new cancer cases yearly projected for 2025 [1]. Yearly over a million cases of death worldwide is due to breast cancer [2]. Both environmental and genetic factors play an important role in cancer susceptibility [3, 4]. The cumulative effects of individual (non-carcinogenic) chemicals acting on different pathways could produce carcinogenic synergies [5]. Current treatments for cancer include surgery, hormonal therapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapies. Molecular target therapies have a great role in the treatment of cancer, they include inhibitors of the tyrosine kinase enzyme BCR-ABL, inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors

Function: Treatment for lung cancer, breast cancer and lymphomas. If it acts as an alkylating agent,

In 2013, the United States was said to have an estimated 1.6 million cancer patients. The majority of cancer patients turn to chemotherapy in hope to kill off all the spreading cancer cells so they can have a chance to live again. Chemotherapy is defined as the use of any drug to treat any disease, however people most commonly associate chemotherapy with drugs used to treat cancer. Although chemotherapy could be very effective, the rate of success solely depends on the type of cancer the patient has and could potentially be only one or two percent successful.