Antidepressant Drugs Research Paper

Americans are taking antidepressants at astounding numbers. The use of antidepressants in this country by adolescents and adults has increased by four hundred percent between 2005-2008. These pills sedate those with anxiety and depression disorders. The problem is that more Americans seem to become dependent on this pills. In Huxley’s Brave New World, the citizens are encourage almost required to take daily pill, Soma, for instant gratification. Similar to Huxley’s world, people in our world seem to become more dependent on psychological drugs such as antidepressants.

The research critically analyses the desired effects of the depression and the antidepressants available for the depressions. Depression symptoms are commonly seen among people of various ages. There are some of the antidepressants that are initially recommended for overcoming the issues of depression. Some of the well-known methods have been used by many of the known researchers regarding the topic of depression. Proper evaluation of the research methodology about depressions will help in the better understanding of the mental state of the people suffering from the diseases of depression. The evaluation of the two of the research papers mentioned above highlights the fact that research between a certain numbers of the people will help to evaluate

Depression is the lack of the chemical compound C10H12N2O or Serotonin. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter, made in the brain to help relay messages from one area or the brain to the other. As a result of serotonin being released throughout one's entire body it is believed to influence a majority of the bodies functions. (WEBMD.) Antidepressants alter the level of serotonin in the person's body, however, if one has excessive serotonin the outcomes could result in mania, agitation, and sometimes even death. Those outcomes are the reason that many doctors suggest going to therapy before prescribing an

Many people with mild to moderate depression can be successfully treated with psychotherapy and other non medical interventions such as bright light; exercise; relaxation techniques; eliminating the use of substances like recreational drugs, alcohol and caffeine; getting regular sleep; eating a balanced diet; and stress reduction. But when these interventions have been tried and failed, or when a patient's depression is severe enough to interfere with their ability to function in their work, relationships, and self-care, doctors will recommend antidepressant medications as well. There are several different classes of antidepressants to choose from, including older medications called monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and tricyclics; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs); norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitors; and others. Despite the differences in these medications' effects on neurotransmitters, chemical properties, side effects, and pharmaceutical company advertising, they all are EQUALLY EFFECTIVE in treating depression. The choice between them, therefore, is made on the basis of other factors. When deciding which antidepressants may be best for a given patient, a doctor should take into consideration several factors. The first is the patient's history. If a patient has

Once a practitioner has a strong understanding about MDD diagnostic criteria, prevalence, etiology, and prognosis, he or she should then strive to understand recommended MDD treatment modalities. The use of antidepressant medication (ADM), has been a highly regarded treatment for depression. In addition, cognitive-based approaches have also seen positive results. Therefore, Hollon et al. (2014) examined the effects of cognitive therapy (CT) combined with ADM, as opposed to ADM alone, on the treatment of individuals with MDD. Hollon et al. (2014) recruited 452 adults with chronic or recurrent MDD for this study. Patients were randomly assigned to the CT and ADM condition or to the ADM only condition (Hollon et al., 2014). Hollon et al. (2014) also stated that treatment lasted as long as 42 months. Hollon et al. (2014) found that CT combined with ADM significantly improved the rate of recovery when compared to the ADM alone, but only if the patients had severe MDD. The effect was not significant for individuals with mild and/or moderate depression. Therefore, Hollon et al. (2014) argued that ADM combined with CT will improve recovery rates for individuals with severe MDD.

Antidepressants are a powerful way for people who suffer from severe depression and anxiety to stay in control of their lives. Unfortunately, many people who take antidepressants also have problems with illicit drug use. And while attending drug rehabilitation is the most effective way to regain control of your life, the question of whether or not you can take your antidepressants while you're there is surprisingly complex.

The demand for antidepressants has skyrocketed since the early 1990’s with a majority of users being adults. Appalling to this fact is that about half of those under the prescriptions have in the recent past visited a mental health professional. In addition to this, almost 60 percent of those who use antidepressant do not really need them. I also concur with the fact that our modern lifestyle has contributed so much to augment depression rate.

Psychiatrists, psychologists, doctors and patients alike were presented with a solution in 1987, the year of Prozac’s introduction. Depression medication held a stigma, and was not expected to become a topic of heated debate and ravenous support. The older Tricyclic drugs such as doxepin and nortriptyline were rarely prescribed for more than nine months and caused disruptive side effects such as dizziness, sluggishness, painful dry mouth and weight gain to name a few (Natalie Angier for NY Times News Service). Prozac became a blessing for many, “fluoxetine was far superior… initially considered almost free of side effects” (SSRI Antidepressant Medications: Adverse Effects and Tolerability). Natalie Angler’s article communicates the well-received

Research Question: Are antidepressants being over prescribed, if so what other options do doctors have and what should they be considering?

Does cognitive-behavioral therapy work just as well as antidepressants when treating depression? How we perceive our depression is what helps to determine the type of treatment necessary. Antidepressants treat the common symptoms of depression rather than the condition while therapy helps change the thought process so the disease is cured in the end. Many studies are done to provide necessary information to what the answer to this question should be. The following articles provided studies that explained the effects of treatment with medication, with therapy, or a combination of both.

A study was released June 23, 2016, on a new method for detecting anti-depressants in whole blood by Gas Chromatography on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). This study was conducted by Liliana Trua, Andre L castro, Sonia Tarelho, Pedro costa, M. GoretiF. Sales, and Helena M. Teixeira. The purpose was to use GC-MS/MS to detect and quantify antidepressants (AD) in whole blood for forensic science purposes. There is a plethora of research on the separation of AD 's from substances such as urine or serum, yet there is little research on the separation of Anti-Depressants 's from whole blood (Truta, Castro and Tarelho). Furthermore, the methods researched were generally carried out using Liquid Chromatography as opposed to Gas chromatography (Truta, Castro and Tarelho). Research has shown that Gas Chromatography produces better resolution and the analysis is faster and is measured in minutes (Cheriyadath). The objective was to determine if Gas Chromatography was truly the better method for separating whole blood from anti-depressants (Truta, Castro and Tarelho).

We live in a world where people pop pills like candy, like it has zero effect on their bodied and it is a problem. It is no surprise with the tabloids, celebrities and role models out there that adolescents with negative body image issues are more likely to be depressed, anxious, and suicidal. The age range with the highest rate of depression symptoms are under 20 years of age and the age group with the highest rate of anxiety symptoms is between 20 and 29 years of age. There is however a way to solve as the problem of depression that is heathier for not only your mental heath but your physical heath as well and the is also heathier for the economy. Currently, Prescription medications are the second most costly component of health care. The

Other clinical studies have implicated fluoxetine’s effects on serotonin neurotransmitters, based on the fact that serotonin is synthesized from the essential amino acid tryptophan. Patients taking fluoxetine who were in remission from major depression were given a special diet which was tryptophan-free. This rapidly decreased plasma serotonin levels, and after a short period of time (as little as 30 minutes) many of the patients began to have signs of specific depressive symptoms. Later, the reappearance of more general depressive symptoms were observed in a majority of the patients. Thus it was shown that fluoxetine has a profound effect on the neurotransmitter serotonin, and decreased

Common types of medication include POM (prescription only medication) which can be obtained from a pharmacist only if prescribed by a doctor. These could include anti-depressants which are very common. Anti-depressants work by selecting receptors in the brain and controls levels of serotonin. They come under the group 'SSRIS' (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors). Over the counter medicines (OTC) may include things like paracetamol or ibuprofen, which are everyday painkillers. Something like paracetamol inhibits the production of pain and inflammation-causing chemicals called prostaglandins.

The linkage of serotonin to depression has been known for the past five years. From numerous studies, the most concrete evidence of this connection is the decreased concentration of serotonin metabolites like 5-HIAA (5-hydroxyindole acetic acid) in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissues of depressed people. If depression, as suggested, is a result of decreased levels of serotonin in the brain, pharmaceutical agents that can reverse this effect should be helpful in treating depressed patients. Therefore, the primary targets of various antidepressant medications are serotonin transports of the brain. Since serotonin is activated when released by neurons into the synapse, antidepressants function at the synapse to enhance serotonin activity. Normally, serotonin's actions in the synapse are terminated by its being taken back into the neuron then releases it at which point "it is either recycled for reuse as a transmitter or broken down into its metabolic by products and transported out of the brain." As a result, antidepressants work to increase serotonin levels at the synapse by blocking serotonin reuptake (2).