Antinomy Of Taste

Kant’s theory of art calls for us to view art in a way where we

he refers to impressions and something that is lively and that actually involves the 5 human senses such as hear, touch, smell, taste, and feel rather than just the basic thought of these things. He sated that there are different levels of liveliness. Hume speaks about a man who senses or feels the pain and discomfort of the excessive heat and then the pleasure of the moderate warmth. Later when he tries to recall what this sensation felt like he will anticipate it using his imagination. “Impressions as described by Hume are, “all our more lively perceptions, when we hear, or see, or feel, or love, or hate, or desire, or will” off of these impressions we form our ideas which are, … less forcible and lively” (David Hume; Impressions and Ideas BY: C. Lindsay) Since perceptions are viewed to be more of a experience Hume says that people can always tell a difference between the pure sensations and ones thought or

Aestheticism was a popular dogma in the late 1800s that centered on the belief that art should exist for beauty alone. This doctrine is defined as an “exaggerated devotion to art, music, or poetry, with indifference to practical matters” and “the acceptance of artistic beauty and taste as a fundamental standard, ethical and other standards being secondary” (“Aestheticism,” def. 1 and 2). In Oscar Wilde’s sole novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, aestheticism is a fashionable belief accepted by society at the time. Oscar Wilde uses the moral deterioration and ultimate destruction of Dorian Gray in The Picture of Dorian Gray to emphasize the negative effects of society’s preoccupation with aesthetics and offer a moral for the reader.

Aesthetics is defined as “the branch of philosophy dealing with such notions as the beautiful,the ugly, the sublime, the comic, etc., as applicable to the fine arts,with a view to establishing the meaning and validity of critical judgments concerning works of art, and the principles underlying or justifying such judgments”(Webster.) It is closely related to the philosophy of art, which determines how individual works are interpreted. Aesthetics not only examine the nature and value of art, but also examine the reaction that an individual or group has to such arts. As previously mentioned aesthetics is the philosophical study of beauty and taste, the attractive and the none, the beautiful and the ugly. It can be difficult to categorize and match objects and expressions into those two broad categories because it is possible for one to observe aesthetics from different angles.

Just like everything else in life, art has its critics. Art criticism is the expression used to describe the act of making selective judgments, both positive and negative, about an art piece. Just as art is so diversely expressed and interpreted, those who critique it also have various methods and use various standards when criticizing an art piece. There are many theories critics use to evaluate art but there are three basic theories most commonly put to use by professionals. The three basic theories are: formal theories, contextual theories, and expressive theories. Formal theories focus on the formalities of art. Critics using formal theories pay close attention to the making of a piece, how each section of the art piece works to form a visual experience that may or may not attract the attention of those who come across it. Formalists’ attention is centered on the formal organization rather than the themes, which they deem irrelevant. Contextualists, on the other hand, value the theme and its relevance to the times in which the artwork was created. The contextual theories deal with the context in which an art piece is used; what it symbolizes concerning the culture and values of the environment. Lastly, there are the expressive theories. Expressionists are more concerned with the artist and the personal expression put into the work. Also, because art is a method of communication, expressive theories

question John Berger, critic of art and author of the Ways of Seeing, raised in his essay, and it is

In Plato's Republic, Socrates goes to great lengths to explain and differentiate between the ideas of opinion and knowledge. Throughout society, most common men are lovers of sights and sounds. "Lovers of sights and sounds like beautiful sounds, colors, shapes, and everything fashioned out of them, but their thought is unable to see and embrace the nature of the beautiful itself (Republic 476b)." The few who do recognize the beautiful itself are followers of the sight of truth, the philosophers.

In moving away from the objective property-based or perfectionist theories of the medieval and early modern periods to this sort of subject-based aesthetic, Kant did not intend to give up the idea that judgments of beauty are universalizable. Accordingly, much of the first part of the Critique is given to showing how one person’s reflective aesthetic judgments can be legitimately "imputed" to or expected from all properly-situated human subjects.(3) The famous "Deduction of Judgments of Taste" (§ 38) provides a sketch of this argument. Very briefly, Kant argues that since the faculties under consideration are "required for possible cognition as such," it follows that all who (through communicating with others reveal their ability to) cognize anything are susceptible to the same experience of faculties in free harmony, and to the concomitant aesthetic pleasure. As long as the subject takes himself to be conscientiously beholding the object under appropriate circumstances (e.g. without interest, prejudice, etc.) he can take his judgment of taste to imply in an "a priori" fashion that under similar circumstances other well-functioning human beings likewise will be pleased by it.(4)

Hume alternates between Morality stemming from our rational nature, or our reason and our passional nature or our Sentiment.

Everyone sees the world differently and have their own perception of an idea or thoughts. No one on earth thinks or act the same way. Like for an example, people may see an object in a color but the other person sees that object on a different color. No one sees what others could see which makes them unique. This essay will be a focus on color illusion from how people view an object and people reacting to tasting PTC that has to do with their own taste buds.

Ralph Waldo Emerson was a Transcendentalist author, so he explored concepts beyond the scope of science. That is to say, non-empirical concepts that cannot be known through observation, the senses, or experience, without pattern. The concept of beauty is non-empirical because it cannot be fully understood by observation. While a man can see that a rose is beautiful, or feel the beauty in the weight and smoothness of a strand of pearls, he can never know that a thing is beautiful by seeing or touching it. This is why Emerson describes beauty as an “eternal fugitive” (75) in Ode to Beauty. Emerson’s philosophy can be seen as a reaction to the limitations of the Rational Movement, who rejected non-empirical

Using Humes own theory on him he says that we can have a certain action with without a reaction. So just because it is something that is not the norm doesn’t mean it isn’t the norm and that we might just have an impression in are mind that we feel that this is how it should be done. If we were able to remove all impression you had up to this point that you have ever learned in the world and had that person or even all people have basically a clean slate expect for maybe one person then everyone would learn everything in a new way again expect that one person that did things the old way. So because this action is new to everyone else they will allow follow that outcome of that action as this would be the new way they learned it and it would become the new norm. And that one person that would be considered doing it different then everyone else would be considered the lair now, as he would be the only one doing that action the way he remember it or how he was taught. So he would then overtime have to conform to their action as the new norm or be looked as a lair. An example of this might be like taking an animal out its natural environment in the fact that he would have that desire to follow that action but could not because he is removed from that certain state that he was in so he would need to learn a whole new way of life and change those things that it normally did because it liberty to do what was normal to him has been removed and he did not have a choice to follow that action or not, but rather was forced into that

In An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, Hume begins the text by determining how humans make their moral judgments. He explained that establishing morals is a common strategy amongst all humans. However, there is controversy concerning how morals are made, whether they are based on reason or sentiment (emotion). Hume does not believe that morals are based off of 100% reason. He believes that humans base their morals on sentiment and that they cannot just make moral judgements based on reason alone. Hume says that reasoning deals with facts and that we can make conclusions from those facts, but reasoning alone cannot bring humans to choosing one option over another. This is where sentiment comes into play; sentiment determines the

In his Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, Hume offers up a number of virtues and qualities which are valued for any of four reasons: they are useful to the individual, useful to society, agreeable to the individual, or agreeable to society. One of the qualities which Hume elucidates is justice. This quality, however, according to Hume, is valued solely for its usefulness and not upon any agreeability to anyone. Hume explains his position thusly.

I believe the varied lengths of the lines in the poem “O Taste and See” gives the poem emphasis in the middle of the story, signifying that the middle is the bulk of the story and the last two paragraphs each lose a line and finishes with a couplet. I believe that this signifies maybe the speaker was getting off the subway or trying to sum up the rest of the poster. We know that the speaker is reading a poster on the subway because it plainly comes out and tells us this, demonstrated in, “the subway Bible poster said” (4). I believe that the stanza breaks in the poem marks the tone and mood of the poem as the speaker is reading this poster because of the changes from one extreme to another within the lines, demonstrated in, “savor, chew, swallow,