Antioxidant Team Case Study

With all living organisms, a process known as cell respiration is integral in order to provide the body with an essential form of energy, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Oxygen, although an essential part of this process, can form reactants from colliding with electrons associated with carrier molecules. (pb101.rcsb.org, 2017). Hydrogen peroxide is an integral product of this reaction but is known to impose negative effects on the body if high levels are introduced. Explicitly, this reaction is caused “If oxygen runs into (one of these) carrier molecules, the electron may be accidentally transferred to it. This converts oxygen into dangerous compounds such as superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide, which can attack the delicate sulphur atoms and metal ions in proteins.” (pdbh101.rcb.org, 2017). Research has suggested that the hydrogen peroxide can be converted into hydroxyl radicals, known to mutate DNA, which can potentially cause bodily harm due to DNA’s role in the synthesis of proteins. These radicals can cause detrimental effects on the human body, and studies have suggested a link to ageing. Due to the harmful effects of these H2o2, it is important that the body finds a way to dispose of hydrogen peroxide before concentrations are too great.

Glutathione manages to act as a scavenger, neutralizing free radicals as they peruse the body. This counterbalance leads to the protection of our individual cells and thus our skin, eyes (lens, cornea, and retina), brain, heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, intestines as well as other tissues and organs from oxidative damages to ensure a better functioning,

Did you know that diets rich in anti-oxidants have been shown to prevent disease, inflammation and improve immune systems in studies dating back to the 1960’s!

In burns, free radicals and lipid peroxidation increases and also decreases the total antioxidant activity to deal with them and a reduction in antioxidant scavenging capacity. in the burn wound, increased inflammation and decreased tissue perfusion and increased activity of free radicals that makes it difficult healing process

The roles of antioxidants( Endogenous compounds) are to neutralize the excess of free radicals, to protect the cells against their toxic effects and to contribute in disease

the defensive systems can be enzyme hunters of reactive oxygen species such as catalase enzyme etc. they can also be non-enzyme hunter molecules like certain vitamins like vitamin a c e also can consist of various antioxidants present in food chemical biological effects the oxidative stress can have two types of effects. they are:- chemical effects of oxidative stress is mainly due to increased production of reactive oxygen species reactive nitrogen species. due to this increased production of reactive species there is a decrease in the efficiency of antioxidant or detoxifying defences. the effect of oxidative stress depends upon the types of changes it brings. if changes are small cells can overcome these changes thus retains its original state. if the changes are moderate then oxidative stress can cause programmed cell death while on the other hand heavy or intense changes can cause either direct cell death or can cause any type of cell injury which ultimately causes cell death. the generation of ros is a destructive aspect of oxidative

First of all, WPHs are effective scavengers of molecules with free radicals in the body (Tang et al, 2012) due to their hydrophobicity. Secondly, reducing power is significant in WPHs, so that when these free radicals are found, they are eliminated effectively. In cells, oxygen is needed for many processes, but there are side effects of frequent exposure to the molecule, namely the formation of free radicals. These highly reactive molecules have an unpaired electron, allowing them to interact freely with and do damage to lipid molecules, particularly ones with double bonds. Since cell membranes have a high lipid content, they are at risk without antioxidant protection. Tang et al (2012) showed that WPHs from peanut peptides effectively scavenge and reduce hydroxyl radicals (most dangerous) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. The latter of the two is particularly notable, as “The model of scavenging stable DPPH radical is a widely used method to evaluate antioxidant activities in a relatively short time compared with other methods.” (p.

The thinking goes that if you don't have enough antioxidants in your diet, free radicals are able to damage the body and bring increases in LDL and

Free radicals are atoms or molecules that are missing an electron, which make them highly reactive. Through the process of oxidation, they take electrons from components of our cells, thereby causing damage to DNA, proteins, and other parts of our cells.

aluable roles in your body to regulate cellular functions. However, excessive free radicals can start a chain reaction that can damage your DNA. They react with cellular components, making the cell membranes brittle and leaky, leading to tissue degradation, which increases your risk of cancer and other chronic diseases.

Antioxidants. Antioxidants play an important role in our bodies. They support the immune system and clear the body of free radical damage. Consider taking additional Vitamin C, green tea and alpha-lipoic acid each day for their

Studies have shown that these antioxidant vitamins work best together to give the body defense against diseases like colds, heart diseases, cancer – man’s most common and feared ailments.

Abstract: Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque builds up inside the arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart and other parts of the body. Reactive oxygen species are common by-products of many oxidative biochemical and physiological processes. They can be released by NAD(P)H oxidase, nitric oxide synthase and xanthine oxidase and activates various signaling pathways that underlie vascular inflammation in atherogenesis thus leading to oxidative stress induced tissue injury. Therefore, it is important to consider the sources of oxidants in the context of available antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, tocopherol, β-carotene, superoxide

ROS include free radicals such as superoxide anion radicals, hydroxyl radicals and non free-radical species such as hydrogen peroxide etc are exacerbating factors in cellular injury and aging process [39]. Various antioxidant natural remedies derived from plant such as polysaccharides from Angelica sinensis, Aloe vera gel, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver leaf extract possess wound healing by scavenging free radical and promoting collagen synthesis [40].

Chocolate has two groups of antioxidants called flavonoids and polyphenols. Antioxidants fight against free radicals in the body. Free radicals are unbalanced compounds created by the natural cellular processes in the body and from environmental toxins. Antioxidants are compounds including vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals that neutralize free radicals and protect the body from their damage. The substances in antioxidants counteract with the damaging normal effects of the body’s process of oxidization. Research shows that antioxidants help in preventing the development of chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease, stroke, Alzheimer’s, rheumatoid arthritis, and cataracts.