Antioxidant Vs Free Radical

With all living organisms, a process known as cell respiration is integral in order to provide the body with an essential form of energy, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Oxygen, although an essential part of this process, can form reactants from colliding with electrons associated with carrier molecules. (pb101.rcsb.org, 2017). Hydrogen peroxide is an integral product of this reaction but is known to impose negative effects on the body if high levels are introduced. Explicitly, this reaction is caused “If oxygen runs into (one of these) carrier molecules, the electron may be accidentally transferred to it. This converts oxygen into dangerous compounds such as superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide, which can attack the delicate sulphur atoms and metal ions in proteins.” (pdbh101.rcb.org, 2017). Research has suggested that the hydrogen peroxide can be converted into hydroxyl radicals, known to mutate DNA, which can potentially cause bodily harm due to DNA’s role in the synthesis of proteins. These radicals can cause detrimental effects on the human body, and studies have suggested a link to ageing. Due to the harmful effects of these H2o2, it is important that the body finds a way to dispose of hydrogen peroxide before concentrations are too great.

Main compounds of the enzymatic antioxidant system are three, namely, SOD, CAT and tT which have an important role in detoxifying of H2O2 and superoxide anion in cells. Ample of hepatotoxic drugs induces the liver damage by lipid peroxidation indirectly or directly. The proxy radicals are main factors that mediate lipid peroxidation leading to liver injury and kidney damage(41). MDA as a main reactive aldehyde appears during polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation in the biological

Now here’s where it gets complicated, a majority of the free radicals currently swimming around in your body right now are created by your own metabolism, which means as harmful as they are, they are a completely unavoidable byproduct of life. Our bodies actually create free radicals just by breathing and digesting food. As we age, the creation of free radicals accelerates as the basic mechanics of our metabolism are themselves damaged by the free radicals they have created. Talk about a vicious cycle! And all of this free radical activity is what causes our bodies to age and become diseased.

Glutathione manages to act as a scavenger, neutralizing free radicals as they peruse the body. This counterbalance leads to the protection of our individual cells and thus our skin, eyes (lens, cornea, and retina), brain, heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, intestines as well as other tissues and organs from oxidative damages to ensure a better functioning,

What are free radicals? Free radicals happen when bonds split in an unusual way, causing the molecule to be left with an unpaired electron. These molecules are very reactive, due to their instability, which leads them to steal electrons from other molecules in order to become stable. When a free radical steals an electron from another molecule, this causes the molecule, whose electron was stole from, to become a free radical. Through this process, is how a chain reaction is caused, which can lead to damage of an entire cell, or area of the body.

ROS are unstable free radical species which are very reactive. A free radical is a molecule containing one or more unpaired electrons in its outer shell (Pham-Huy et al., 2008). At high concentrations, they are dangerous because they attack biochemical substances, such as fatty acids, protein, carbohydrates and nucleic acids, and cause damage to them (Maes et al., 2011; Valko et al., 2007). This damage causes change in their structure and function. There are three types of ROS, which include the superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical (Agarwal et al., 2005). The superoxide is formed during the electron transport chain in the mitochondrion, where electrons from the electron transport chain bind with oxygen to form the superoxide instead of reducing oxygen to water (Valko et al., 2007).

Your body is in a constant battle against infection, diseases and the formation of free radicals. However, there's a secret weapon that can help you fight against these things: antioxidants! Antioxidants are elements such as vitamins A, C and E that counteract the damage caused by free radicals and help protect your healthy cells. Free radicals are the molecules that contain unpaired electrons, which make them highly reactive. In this form, they can cause damage by attacking healthy cells, and when these cells grow weakened, you become more vulnerable to disease.

As you may know, antioxidants promote good health as they help avoid diseases. More specifically, antioxidants help slow down the oxidation of cells in our body. When cells oxidize, they generate free radicals, which are also known as cellular bi-products. It is perfectly safe to have a manageable amount of these free radicals in the body. However, when the free radicals are in excess, they can wreak havoc on our organism's cellular

Natural Antioxidants are abundant in fruits and vegetables such as, apples, blueberries, broccoli, cherries, cranberries, Grapes, spinach, and Spirulina a blue-green algae.

Antioxidants are molecules that find and destroy the free radicals floating in the bloodstream man. Free radicals are the main culprit for man is aging rapidly, destroying brain cells.

First of all, WPHs are effective scavengers of molecules with free radicals in the body (Tang et al, 2012) due to their hydrophobicity. Secondly, reducing power is significant in WPHs, so that when these free radicals are found, they are eliminated effectively. In cells, oxygen is needed for many processes, but there are side effects of frequent exposure to the molecule, namely the formation of free radicals. These highly reactive molecules have an unpaired electron, allowing them to interact freely with and do damage to lipid molecules, particularly ones with double bonds. Since cell membranes have a high lipid content, they are at risk without antioxidant protection. Tang et al (2012) showed that WPHs from peanut peptides effectively scavenge and reduce hydroxyl radicals (most dangerous) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. The latter of the two is particularly notable, as “The model of scavenging stable DPPH radical is a widely used method to evaluate antioxidant activities in a relatively short time compared with other methods.” (p.

A free radical is an atom, molecule, or compound that is highly unstable making them very reactive, and they attempt to pair up with other molecules, atoms, or even individual electrons

Free Radicals are highly reactive molecules that have an unpaired electron which makes them unstable and therefore highly reactive. Molecules favour a balanced state, and they become weak when the bond between electrons is broken and an uneven number of electrons remain. This means the electron is unpaired, making it chemically reactive. It will try and stabilize itself by effectively stealing electrons from other molecules. Dependent upon which of our body’s molecules the Free Radicals attack, a variety of degenerative changes will occur. Free radical damage within cells has been linked to a range of bodily changes and disorders from wrinkles and age spots to arthritis, cataracts, cancer and heart disease, to name but a few. Free Radical damage

Alpha lipoic acid is a potent antioxidant that regulates gene expression. Lester Packer, Ph.D., scientist and professor at the Berkeley Laboratory at the University of California, refers to lipoic acid as the most powerful of all the antioxidants. He says that if he were to invent the ideal antioxidant, it would closely resemble lipoic acid, because it’s one of the antioxidants that independently scouts out free radicals, including the hydroxyl radical, the radical involved in all stages of the cancer process and linked to metastasis.

Chocolate has two groups of antioxidants called flavonoids and polyphenols. Antioxidants fight against free radicals in the body. Free radicals are unbalanced compounds created by the natural cellular processes in the body and from environmental toxins. Antioxidants are compounds including vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals that neutralize free radicals and protect the body from their damage. The substances in antioxidants counteract with the damaging normal effects of the body’s process of oxidization. Research shows that antioxidants help in preventing the development of chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease, stroke, Alzheimer’s, rheumatoid arthritis, and cataracts.