Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Lunasin

The extracts and polyphenols suppressed cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis, modulated signaling transduction, inhibited cell invasion, and prevented angiogenesis and metastasis in animal models related to multiple types of cancer such as liver, bladder, prostate, intestine, colon, pancreas, and mammary gland in more than one hundred publications (Yang & Wang, 2010; de Moura et al., 2013). Green tea has been studied expansively for its cancer prevention effects which are believed to be associated with green tea polyphenols known as "catechins (-)-epigallocatchin-3gallate (EGCG), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), and (-)-epigallocatechin (EC)...they each have a level of antioxidants and are strong metal ion chelators, which prevent the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)" (Yang & Wang, 2010, p. 931; Ziech et al., 2012). Further research has revealed that high concentration levels are necessary to accomplish this, and adding other agents such as Atrovastatin, a drug used to lower cholesterol, increase success (Yang & Wang, 2010). EGCG has demonstrated the most success because it "serves an antioxidant, or pro-oxidant, and

Within the Brugge Lab, we have investigated the role of various metabolic pathways in cancer including the role of antioxidants within the tumor cell. Although antioxidants were previously believed to scavenge harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) and provide a protective benefit against cancer, clinical trials have demonstrated that supplementation with antioxidants actually increased prostate cancer incidence among healthy patients. I joined a postdoctoral fellow in the lab to determine whether depletion of glutathione, the major antioxidant within the cell, would put the cell in a sensitive state that made it vulnerable to inhibition of other major pathways. Through our screening effects, we discovered that triple negative breast cancer cells become exquisitely sensitive to treatment with inhibitors of deubiquitinating enzymes through an induction of a proteotoxic stress response. I look forward to sharing these findings with the scientific community as second author on the manuscript currently in preparation.

Main compounds of the enzymatic antioxidant system are three, namely, SOD, CAT and tT which have an important role in detoxifying of H2O2 and superoxide anion in cells. Ample of hepatotoxic drugs induces the liver damage by lipid peroxidation indirectly or directly. The proxy radicals are main factors that mediate lipid peroxidation leading to liver injury and kidney damage(41). MDA as a main reactive aldehyde appears during polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation in the biological

Did you know that diets rich in anti-oxidants have been shown to prevent disease, inflammation and improve immune systems in studies dating back to the 1960’s!

Chemotherapy is the most used drug or combination of drugs in the United States primarily to combat malignant tumors at the cost of even damaging the healthy cells. The purpose of chemotherapy is to either slow down or halt the spreading of the cancerous tumor. Yet, there is another way that is not widely used to fight against malignant tumors and that is the holistic approach. The holistic approach is showing promise to combat cancer and that is to eat organic fruits and vegetables, take natural supplements and to eliminate refined sugars and oils to name a few. With the two different ways to combat cancer in mind, it would be beneficial for cancer patients to use the holistic approach instead of chemotherapy since it does not damage any of

The ability of p53 to regulate metabolism is also associated with the ability to regulate cellular ROS levels. As previously mentioned, p53 can either remove damaged cells that have suffered sustained oxidative stress, or limit levels of ROS in order to lower oxidative stress and consequently, potential cell damage. Through the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, p53 is able to influence the response to ROS accordingly. By driving the expression of TIGAR and promoting PPP activity, p53 can increase the production of NAPDH, which can be used to generate the cellular antioxidant GSH (Bensaad 2006). Moreover, at the expense of nucleotide synthesis, p53 can also promote GSH synthesis following serine starvation, thereby lowering ROS

Cancer has become an epidemic across America. About 13 million Americans have cancer and a little over 1 million are diagnosed every year. For years Oncologist have been looking for treatments to cure this horrible disease(American Cancer Society, 2013). Chemistry has such a major impact on the research of cancer. The chemistry within Oncology & Cancer Research has greatly increased our knowledge and capabilities for developing new treatments or actually finding a significant cure (American Cancer Society,2013). This paper is explaining how chemistry is used to seek out cancer cells, treat, and also inform how the different chemicals are affecting our body.

DMBA is an effective chemical used to induce breast tumorigenesis in rats. In this study, DMBA treatment led to the development of tumors by rats as revealed by tumorigenesis analyses and the histopathological examination. Treatment with lycopene reversed the pathological changes showing the efficiency of lycopene in breast tumor treatment. This result was in accordance with previous studies where lycopene alone or in combination with other products was proven to have anti-tumor activity.

Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic phytoalexin that mainly found in grapes, peanuts, berries and cocoa [1, 2], and it can benefit in anti-fungal attack, UV protection and recovery of physical damage [3-5]. Recently, researchers have considered resveratrol could potentially bring advantages to human health such as anti-inflammation, improved glucose tolerance, neuroprotection, anti-aging, prevention of obesity and diabetes, antioxidant and improved regulation of metabolism [6-16]. Although scientists have found health benefits from resveratrol, it is difficult to utilize resveratrol from natural in commercial pharmaceutical products, supplement and functional food, as the poor pharmacokinetic properties of resveratrol: low water solubility

Flavonolignans are natural polyphenolic compounds that comprises of flavonoid and lignan. The basic chemical structure of these essential nutrients consists of two benzene rings bound by a three-atom heterocyclic carbon chain which can be chemically modifiable yielding several compounds with different properties. The structural requirements for the antioxidant and free radical scavenging functions of flavonoids include a hydroxyl group in carbon position three, a double bond between carbon positions two and three, a carbonyl group in carbon position four, and polyhydroxylation of the A and B aromatic rings.

antioxidant enzymes including small-molecule-weight antioxidants depends on cellular redox environment as it is a delicate process to regulate the two. ROS are responsible to regulate several physiological actions such as the ability to mediate and relate signal transduction from membrane receptors, At low concentrations, ROS are involved in regulating several physiological actions, including their ability to mediate relate signal transduction from membrane receptors, thus aiding the stimulation of several proteins and enzymes (1,2). Conversely, accumulation of extra intracellular ROS lead to oxidative stress, in turn will impair cellular membranes, promoting mitochondrial injury and cell death, which adversely impacting upon cell function and survival 3,5)

Oxidative stress has been implicated in various pathophysiological conditions either directly or indirectly. They are cardiovascular disease, cancer (1), neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s diseases (AD) (2,3), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis, Diabetes Mellitus (4), ischemia/reperfusion, fibrosis, Kidney disease, impairment via cochlear damage induced by elevated sound levels, ototoxicity of drugs such as cisplatin, and in congenital deafness in both animals and humans, obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, hypertension, diseases of prematurely and other diseases related to ageing (5). These diseases fall into two groups.

Each person knows about Breast cancer these days, due to the fact that humankind witnesses countless organizations working for this sole purpose diligently every day. Periodically we meet or hear individuals struggling with this devastating category of cancer which is particularly prevalent in women. According to the recent facts and figures from American Cancer Society about the number of deaths from breast cancer in US in 2013, among all ages, has gone up to 39,620. This portrays a massive number, nevertheless analyzing the mortality trend from 1990-2010, one can grasp the death rate has been decreased to 34%. Consequently, the known reason behind this decline is attributable to the improvements in our health care system in terms of treatment, in conjunction with the early detection of breast cancer. Discussing about the risks of having breast cancer, we all know that there are certain factors which can’t be modified that comprise sex, family history, age, early menarche, and late menopause; however, there are several factors which can be taken care of for instance abstinence from smoking and alcohol consumption, use of combination oral contraceptives, avoiding obesity, and increase the usage of vegetables and fruits in your diet could prevent significant proportion of population from getting this cancer. Nevertheless, when populaces mention the dietary changes that can give an enormous benefit against cancer, the aforementioned will find a vast amount of natural products

According to the National Institutes of Health, in 2016 more than 595,000 people died from cancer, and the US is projected to spend more than $150 billion in the treatment of cancer by 2020 (“Cancer Statistics”). Many of us know a friend or loved one who was killed by a form of cancer, and we may know someone fighting the disease right at this very moment. For this project, I wanted to look at the chemical reasons for why cancer forms, how it grows in the human body, and what can be done to stop it. While scientists are still learning about cancer and its effects, there is a lot of scientific evidence that points to free radicals as one of the

Cancer is the second leading cause of death, and millions of people die each year due to various types of cancer despite continuous efforts to find ways to control and cure the dreaded disease (9). Even though cancer is so common, the molecular mechanisms that lead to its development and progression are still not completely understood (10). The alteration of genetic and epigenetic pathways are currently considered to be the cause of cancer (10). Current forms of treatment for cancer have limited potential due to their toxicity and high expense as well as their side effects of altering the function of cell signaling pathways (10). As a naturally occurring compound, the effectiveness of Nigella sativa to be utilized as an anti-cancer agent has been increasingly explored