Antoine Lavoisier : Father Of Modern Chemistry

His first life accomplishment was about a book. At age twenty-seven, he released a five hundred page textbook called Organic Chemistry. The book won Demidov prize and put him in front of Russian chemical education. In 1867, at age thirty three, he was awarded Chair of General Chemistry. Everybody admired that he changed a difficult branch of chemistry into a logical science. His nomination for the 1906 Nobel Prize failed by one vote. In 1876, he was officially named Professor of General Chemistry at the University of St. Perersburg. After resigning in 1890, he was officially named Director of Bureau of Weights where he stayed until his death in 1907. In 1905, the British Royal Society gave him the Copley Medal, its highest honor! Also in 1905, he was elected to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Mendeleev’s law was soon discovered after those three elements were found. Not surprisingly, he was remembered as a brilliant scholar, an inspiring teacher, and an amazing writer. He next began a book for organic chemistry. His books, Principles of Chemistry, with two volumes, became standard until the early 20th

Louis Pasteur was born in 1822 and he was the only son out of three sisters. As a child he lived in Dole near the Swiss border. His father served in the Peninsular War, but returned to a family owned tanning business. “Louis did quite well in school growing up, which was uncommon during this era (Miller, 2002).” Upon his graduation he went to Paris where he studied chemistry with 700 other students.

Each different scientist made an impact in some way to the origins of an atom. Lucretius’s work, De Rerum Natura, was the basis for many future scientists. Robert Boyle was a very religious man and people believed that was the reason for him not marrying. Boyle constructed the idea that the air was made up of different particles with each having different functions. Huygens first thought of the idea that waves of light moved in a spherical shape. His wave theory is still used today along with Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory. Isaac Newton is highly popular for his theory of gravity. Bernoulli began with the idea of the kinetic theory of gases in his work, Hydrodynamics. Newton gave the image to a lot of scientists after him of what an

On December 17, 1706 in Paris, France, a great scientist was born, Gabrielle Émilie le Tonnelier de Breteuil (later Émilie du Châtelet). She was born into French nobility and educated at home. The young Émilie learned to speak six languages by the time she was twelve, and had lessons in fencing and other sports. Even from a young age she was fascinated most by science and math, much to her mother’s displeasure (This Month in Physics History), but her father supported her. By her teen years she became a beautiful and independent young lady and when she reached the age 18, she faced reality and knew that she had to get married. Émilie accepted the proposal of Marquis Florent-Claude du Châtelet, a

This paper is going to about 3 Famous French individuals. One is about the incredible scientist named Irene Joliot-Curie, also one magnificent inventor named Andre Cassagnes, and last but certainly not least Marguerite Perey an amazing physicist.

Robert Boyle was an Irish philosopher. He is considered the first modern chemist and consequently, one of the founders of chemistry as we know today. He was born on January 25, 1627 in Lismore, Ireland. Born the seventh son of fourteen children to Richard Boyle and Catherine Fenton, he spent most of his childhood living in a local foster home with his older siblings. At the age of eight, his mother died and he was sent to Eton College in England where his father paid for a private tutor for Robert and his brothers.

Louis Pasteur was born in Dole, France in 1822. He was accepted to the Barbet Prepatory School in Paris, but came home due to homesickness. He then attended a local college (he was very near sighted and had average grades), yet was accepted into the prestigious Ecole Normale Superiure school in Paris, but he did not feel he was prepared, and so he spent a year at Barbet Prepatory School (the school he had been homesick at), before he matriculated into E.N.S. school. He achieved a doctorate in Chemistry in 1847.

It is Boyle's Law for which he remains most famous. This states that if the volume of a gas is decreased, the pressure increases proportionally. Understanding that his results could be explained if all gases were made of tiny particles, Boyle tried to construct a universal 'corpuscular theory' of chemistry. He defined the modern idea of an 'element', as well as introducing the litmus test to tell acids from bases, and introduced many other standard chemical

Lavoisier disavowed the phlogiston theory and paradigm through his memoir, insisting that the phlogiston theory was unclear. Lavoisier describes the situation as he states in his Memoirs that “the majority of metallic calces are not to be reduced, that is, returned to the metallic state, without the immediate contact of a carbonaceous material or any substance whatsoever containing what we call phlogiston” and “therefore the fact that this fluid is obtained as fied air gives us no right to conclude that it existed in this form in the metallic calx before its combination with the carbon” (Lavoisier 164). Lavoisier declared that “in attacking here Stahl’s doctrine my object is not to substitute a rigorously demonstrated theory but solely a hypothesis which appears to me more probable, more comfortable to the laws of nature, and which appears to me to contain fewer forced explanations and fewer contradictions” (Lavoisier 173). He is declaring that his discovery of oxygen is more legitimate than Stahl’s (also the phlogiston paradigm) theory of phlogiston. Lavoisier grew support when he released his remarks opposing the phlogiston theory (Perrin 47). Furthermore, other experiments were conducted on the basis of the phlogiston theory, and complications arose from this. Experimenters were seeing that the theory had some complications when they conducted experiment, producing incompatible effects than the theory had suggested (Perrin). Also, the release of the Method of Chemical Nomenclature, released in 1787 by Lavoisier, Guyton de Morveau, Fourcroy & Berthollet, that allowed for Lavoisier’s scientific theories to be accepted and utilized

Lavoisier was one of the first to carry out quantitatively accurate chemical measurements. In every chemical transformation, an equal quantity of

On June 3, 1726, James Hutton was born to a family of merchants. Although his father died when he was only three, Hutton had a pretty nice childhood, because his dad provided very well for his children in his will. As a young man, Hutton developed a strong interest in chemistry and wanted to study medicine (which at the time was the only way to receive more knowledge about chemistry). However, his friends convinced him not to do that, and he got a law apprenticeship. After moving to Paris for a short period of time, he transferred to the University of Leiden,

What accomplishments did Antoine Laviosier make to earn the title of the “Father of Modern Chemistry”?

Antoine Lavoisier was born on August 26th, 1743 in Paris, France to a wealthy family. Lavoisier’s father, Jean-Antoine Lavoisier, was an attorney in the Paris Parliament. His mother, Emilie Punctis, passed away leaving him a large fortune at the age of five. In 1754 at the age of 11, Lavoisier began

“The art of reasoning is nothing more than a language well arranged” The end of Lavoisier’s opening quote by the Abbé de Condillac demonstrates the fundamental assumption of Lavoisier in creating his Elements of Chemistry. He is trying to create a nomenclature system for chemistry that will provide a framework for future chemists and keep chemistry firmly tied to nature, unlike previous chemists and natural philosophers who have assumed rather than discovered how nature functions. In creating this nomenclature, Lavoisier does various experiments and tries to keep assumptions out, basing every word on a fact that can be shown which, while possibly being the best way for a nomenclature system to be made, has a possible downfall of lack of flexibility

John Dalton (1766-1844) was an English chemist who pioneered the work in the development of modern atomic theory. The idea of the atom was first proposed by Greek Philosopher, Democritus, in 460. His theory was widely ignored because many people believed that because the atoms were too small to see, the ideas were too theoretical and therefore there was no proof of the atoms existence. Nobody continued with the exploration of this until the 1700’s when scientific method was established. Dalton examined many results accumulated by chemists, including Lavoisier and Proust, as well as conducting his own experiments to attempt to discover a logical way to explain the principles of law of conservation of mass and law of definite proportions. In