Ap Biology Chapter 2 Study Guide

What is the function of ribosomes? What are their two components? Ribosomes are the cellular components that carry out protein synthesis. Their two components are a large subunit and a small subunit.

Preparing specimen for electron microscope hard, light microscope still very useful as a window on living cells.

7- what term refer to allowing food to remain for too ong a time in a temperature that allows the growth of germs

Surface Tension: The measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid.

Carbohydrates: any of a class of organic compounds that are polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones, or change to such substances on simple chemical transformations, as hydrolysis, oxidation, or reduction, and that form the supporting tissues of plants and are important food for animals and people.

The final 2 property points were earned for the description and discussion of specific heat.

1) The layer of the GI tract wall that is responsible for motility is the

1. Information transfer is fundamental to all living organisms. For TWO of the following examples, explain in detail, how the transfer of information is accomplished.

In eukaryotes, stored primarily in the cell nucleus. A nucleic acid using deoxyribose rather than ribose.

In the Voges-Proskauer test, I inoculated the tube with bacteria from my TSA plate and incubated the tube at 37 degrees Celsius for 3 days. After three days I placed some Barrits Reagent A and Barrits Reagent B in the test tube. The color change of red or pink indicates a positive reaction for acetoin which tells you that the organism is a butanediol fermentor.

Finally there is the Hyperthermophiles. Found in very hot temperatures such as hydrothermal vents in deep oceans. With this said, the two microorganisms that I worked with would be known as Mesophiles. Both of these microorganisms grow on or in the human body. They prefer moist heat that is body temperature. I made an incubation box to help mimic the temperatures needed. Typically trying to maintain the temperature of thirty seven degrees Celsius.

The plasmodium parasite would be most susceptible to human antibodies between the moment of initial infection and the arrival of the larvae in the liver, as it travels through the bloodstream in the form of sporozytes. Here the parasite is fully exposed, not ensconced in liver cells or red blood cells as during later phases of its development. Though the lower numbers of parasites at this stage would trigger less of an antibody response, this lower plasmodium population would also be more effectively countered by the human body's natural defenses.

Escherichia is a genus of aerobic gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae that form acid and gas on many carbohydrates, such as dextrose and lactose, but not acetone, which include occasional pathogenic forms, including some strains of E. coli which are normally present in the human intestine as well as other forms which typically occur in soil and water (Webster). Escherichia coli is a gram-negative bacilli that rarely varies in shape and size and when stained often resemble safety pins because the ends of some bacilli stain more densely than does the middle; which is a characteristic called bipolar staining which is common in enteric gram-negative bacilli (ASM). Gram negative cells have a thin cell wall layer and will stain red to pink. The staining process is the same as Gram positive, requiring four steps: applying a primary stain, adding a mordant, then rapid decolorization and completing with a counter stain. Applying the alcohol for decolorization dissolves the outer membrane and leaves small holes in the thin peptidoglycan layer through which the crystal violet-iodine diffuse. The gram-negative bacteria is colorless after the decolorization; therefore adding safranin

What are the three types of anaerobes discussed in class? Define and provide an example of each. (/3)

Mesophiles:- they are also known as Neutrophiles. These are the organisms which survive at moderate conditions of temperature, acidity, alkalinity, salinity etc. They require optimum balanced conditions only for their survival. Example: almost all the living organisms except those mentioned above.