Mitosis And Meiosis Lab Report

Interphase: This particular stage is divided into three phases, G1 (first gap), S (synthesis), and G2 (second gap). During all three phases, the cell grows by producing proteins and other organelles within the cytoplasm. However, chromosomes are replicated only during the S phase. In all, a cell grows (G1), continues to grow as it duplicates its

Meiosis is the cell cycle for germ cells (gametes) where they are haploid (n) so that is why they have two sets of phases.

Although mitosis is just a fraction of time compared to interphase it can be divided into four distinct subphases. If we start viewing a cell under a brightfield microscope right at the end of interphase subphase G2 we would see that throughout the interphase process (fig 1) the cell has grown considerably in size due to production of extra mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. The cell has also gone through the labor of duplicating all of its chromosomes, a process known as DNA synthesis. Now that the cell has made all of these preparations it's time to start prophase (fig 2), the first stage of the mitotic phase. This stage is visibly identified by the chromatin becoming the tightly formed chromosomes. During the lab we were able to view these newly formed chromosomes best on the onion root tip

The cell cycle is a series of stages that occurs when a new cells makes the division from the parent cell to two daughter cells. This is a stage in cellular reproduction. The cell cycle consists of three phases, interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. During Interphase, a cell will continue to perform its functions as usual. The time frame for Interphase varies; while an embryonic cell will take just a few hours to complete the cycle, a stem cell from an adult can take 24 hours (Mader, Windelspecht, 2015). After the interphase stage completes itself, a complete nuclear division happens and mitosis occurs. During the stage of mitosis, the daughter cells will receive the same amounts of the contents of the parent cell. Throughout the last stage, in the cytoplasm there is a division known as Cytokinesis (Mader, Windelspecht, 2015). Cytokinesis occurs differently in plant cells than it does in animal cells, as the cell wall around the plant prevents the process from happening the same way. Instead, a new plasma membrane and cell walls are built are built between the daughter cells. However, in animal cells a single cell will become two (Mader, Windelspecht, 2015).

16) If the S phase were eliminated from the cell cycle, the daughter cells would

The first agarose gel provided insight into whether or not Zassy’s genomic DNA had been cut by the Sal I HF (NEB) restriction enzyme. As seen in Figure 1, Zassy’s cut DNA, in lane 3 left clear fragments between the 3 kb and 0.5 kb areas. Zassy’s uncut DNA, in lane 2, left a clear and bright band above the 10 kb marker. Therefore, the gel confirmed that Zassy’s DNA was successfully cut with Sal I because there was a significant difference the cut and uncut DNA that was run through the gel. There was an additional lane of cut DNA because another student adopted Zassy in the early stages of this experiment. Nevertheless, the clear distinction between lanes 2 and 3 allowed the experiment to continue on to purification of the DNA.

This division of the nucleus is called mitosis. Another part of cell division is cytokinesis, where the cytoplasm divides and the cell becomes two cells. The first steps in cell division begin with mitosis, and mitosis is divided into five different stages which include: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. (pg. 571) Prophase is the first step in mitosis. During prophase the chromosomes become compact together. The centrisomes begin to form the mitotic spindle. Prometaphase is the next step in cell division, which the nuclear envelope breaks apart and the paired chromatids connect. (pg. 572) Then the chromatids connect with spindle microtubules to form kinetochores and migrate to the poles of the cell. In metaphase the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. (pg. 573) The next step in mitosis is anaphase, which is where the chromatids of each chromosome separate at the centromere and are pulled to opposite ends. The last step in mitosis is telophase. During telophase the spindle fibers disassembled and the chromosomes uncoil into chromatin. At this point the cell enters into cytokinesis. (pg. 574) During cytokinesis the cytoplasm splits along the cleavage furrow. (pg 578) In plant cells, during cytokinesis a cell wall must be formed. Vesicles migrate toward the center and form a cell plate, which becomes the cell wall. (pg.580) In either a plant cell or animal cell, at this

Mitosis produces two cells, identical to each other and the parent cell. This means that each chromosome is copied exactly. During the mitosis cell cycle there are 6 stages, Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase and Cytokinesis. Sometimes the cell divide uncontrollably. This results in a large mass of cells called a tumor. If tumor successfully gets into other body tissue the result is

Also, to possibly explore how meiosis ensures new traits and diversity. The data showed that when going through the meiosis simulation there will be different varieties and possibilities of ending chromosomes in the four haploid daughter cells. The genetic information of the chromosomes began to change during prophase. Here, the homologous chromosomes are coming closer to form tetrads and are exchanging segments of adjacent “non-sister” chromatids. The chromatids can do this by breaking and reattaching to the other chromatids, this is called crossing-over. After this each ending chromosome varied in genetic information. The completion of the lab the results in 4 haploid cells, each with a unique set of chromosomes. Therefore, the outcome of meiosis will always be different from the initial

Cell proliferation is defined as an increased in the cell population. Proliferation is important when observing normal cell growth. The cells grow and divide into identical cells using the cell cycle and this process is known as cell division. There are two phases of cell division which are interphase and mitosis. Interphase has three main phases and each phase has a different process and function. These three parts are known as G1, S, and G2. In the G1 phase cell growth is initiated and it is also the phase that is responsible for protein synthesis and ribonucleic acid production (a ). The next phase is the S phase which is also known as the synthesis phase and it is where the DNA is replicated. Final step of the interphase is the G2 phase which deals with cell growth and prepares for cell division. Mitosis is the process that come after all the phases of

The S phase is crucial for the process of mitosis, the part of the cell cycle when the cell undergoes cell division. This event allows for each cell formed by cell division to have the same genetic make-up. Cell division is essential for growth. As all organisms

Interphase, also known as the, “resting stage” is the key phase of the cell cycle. This is where normal cell function and cell preparation begin. Cells will spend approximately 16 to 18 hours in this phase (Hay). It is sectioned into 3 phases: Gap 1 (G1), Synthesis (S), and Gap 2 (G2). During the Gap 1 phase, the cell resumes normal cell functions and growth. During the Synthesis phase, the chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids are formed. During the Gap 2 phase,

Chapter five primarily covers information about cells, cell division, and the different types of cell cycles. The cell cycle is a sequence of events that makeup the life of a typical eukaryotic cell, from the moment of its origin, to the time it divides to produce two daughter cells. Interphase starts off the cell cycle and it is the longest stage in the cell cycle. Most cells spend 90% or more of their life span in interphase. Interphase is divided into three main phases-G0, G1, S, and G2 phases. This portion of the cell cycle takes in nutrients; manufactures proteins and other substances, expands in size, and conducts special functions which depend on the cell type. The G1 phase is the first phase in the life of a newborn cell, and is known as the “gap 1” phase. The S phase is the phase that follows the G1 phase. In this phase, cells that are destined to divide, preparations for cell division begin during the S phase. The “s” in this phase stands for “synthesis”. This phase is responsible for replication of the cell’s DNA, and this is one of the most important responsibilities performed in this phase. G2 phase occurs after the S phase but before the start of cell division. The G2 phase is known as the “gap 2” phase. The G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase, each make up the parts of interphase. Cell division is the last stage in the life of an individual cell. As cell division begins, the cell contains twice the amount of DNA because of DNA replication in the S phase. The G0

The cell cycle is separated into multiple stages such as G0, G1, S, G2, and M phase. During the G0 phase is the stage in which there is no sign of the cell preparing to separate but, rather a stagnant cell. The G1 phase involves the expansion of the cell and gathering all the nutrients and energy to prepare for the upcoming processes of the cell cycle. In the S phase,

Number of cells in each phase of the cell cycle % of cells in mitosis Inter-phase, Pro-phase, Meta-phase, Ana-phase, and Telo-phase