1. An individual that plays only part of its role because of competition or other types of species interactions is said to display a realized niche. Species over time divide the resources they commonly use by specializing in different ways.
2. Predation: A process in which species hunt, capture, kill, and eat the prey.
Parasitism: A relationship where an organism such as a parasite is dependent on a host.
Herbivory: Animals that strictly rely on plants.
3. Symbiotic Mutualisms: Plant provide energy and protection to the fungus while the fungus helps the plant absorb nutrients from the soil.
Non-symbiotic Mutualisms: Species don’t depend on each other and don’t live together.
An example of mutualism in everyday life is our digestive tracts
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5. A keystone species has a high impact on a community by keeping an ecosystem together. Most often Beavers, Bears, and Bees are just a couple of keystone species.
6. Primary Succession is starting from nothing and then slowly over years rebuilds into a habitable place such as starting from bare rock to pioneer species adapt and colonize what was nothing into something. Secondary succession is a process of recovering from a natural disaster or from human interaction with the earth such as faming.
7. Invasive species make bad situations into worse situations. Having a species from a different ecosystem makes them invasive species. Such as a toad or even bacteria being in another ecosystem other than their natural habitat.
8. Restoration ecologists study the ecological communities before humans had any interaction with it. The importance of this study is that if the ecosystem can’t function we are able to do something about it.
9. A biome is several communities in one specific area - a large scale ecological unit recognized primarily by its dominant plant type and vegetation structure. Temperature and precipitation can predict the type of biome that forms on a
Commensalism is when one species can benefit from a relationship and not hurt the other. There are four different main types; chemical, inquilinism, metabiosis and phoresy. Chemical commensalism is most often observed between bacteria. It involves the species of one bacteria feeding on the chemicals produced or the waste products of the other bacteria. Inquilinism involves one species using the body of another organism as a platform or living space while the host does not benefit or is harmed. Metabiosis occurs when one species unintentionally creates a home for another species through one of its normal life activities. A phoresy takes place when one organism attaches to another organism specifically for the purpose of gaining transportation. An example of commensalism (inquilinism) is barnacles and whales. Barnacles are non-moving and they rely on currents to bring them food. Some barnacles attach themselves to whales in order to help them live. They can benefit as they are then transported over the ocean which exposes them to more feeding oppurtunities. The whale neither benefits or is harmed by the barnacles.
A biome is a large, natural community of distinct vegetation and growth habits that occupy a large geographic area. There are many different forms of biomes. Their main classification is there average temperature and average precipitation. The precipitation and temperature determine what plants can survive in the area. However, over millions of years plants have been able to adapt to their biomes in order to survive.
An invasive species is a species that comes out of its natural environment, and enters another. These animals are usually very bad for the ecosystem and may cause an unbalance. These animals usually come in with many competitive advantages and can easily dominate any competition. This will give them the ability to eat as much as they would like without being threatened in any way. This could possibly diminish many populations and end an entire ecosystem.
For my AP biology summer assignment, I chose to do “Decaying Foods”. In my project, I used a slice of whole wheat bread and an apple slice. Throughout the fourteen days, I made observations on the plates every two hours beginning at 10:45 AM. On Day One, Plate A was in the refrigerator, Plate B was in the closet, and Plate C was on the windowsill, all starting out fresh. As the day progressed, objects on Plate A remained in their natural state, on Plate B the crusts of the bread became hard, and the apple slice was brown and dried out , and the apple slice had become hard and the bread felt toasted on Plate C. On Day Two, Plate A remained the same, Plate B had hard bread and the apple slice was wilting in the core and Plate C’s bread was cracking
A keystone species is a species that has a disproportionate effect on its environment relative to its abundance. Such an organism plays a role in its ecosystem that is analogous to the role of a keystone in an arch. While the keystone feels the least pressure of any of the stones in an arch, the arch still collapses without it. Similarly, an ecosystem may experience a dramatic shift if a keystone species is removed, even though that species was a small part of the ecosystem by measures of biomass or productivity. It has become a very popular concept in conservation biology.
A keystone species is a species that has a disproportionately large effect on its ecosystem relative to its population’s size. There are three main types of keystone species, the predator species who feed on other animals which helps balance out the ecosystem The Mutualists who have mutually beneficial interactions with other organisms and lastly the engineer species that will burrow into ground which can be used as shelter for another animal. Without these important species several ecosystems would collapse. While all species are important to an ecosystem, the keystone species are a lot more important due to their crucial roles, such as being top predators, controllers of prey, or conduits for spreading seeds.
A Keystone species is one that plays a unique and critical role in the way an ecosystem functions. In short, the disappearance of a keystone species would start a domino effect—other species in the habitat would also decline and become extinct. The keystone species' disappearance could affect other species that rely on it for survival. Two examples of important keystone species in their communities are: starfish and sea otters. More specifically, these species are found in the Pacific Northwest, but impact their communities in different ways.
1. A phoretic relationship is when two different species, who benefit from one another, travel together throughout their relationship. An example of phoresis is the species of fly, Dermatobia hominis. The fly attaches the larvae to another insect such as a mosquito and when the mosquito travels and feeds on an animal or human, the eggs hatch and the larvae burrows itself into it’s skin.
Consumers are important. There is one consumer and its worms. The Great Jerboa and Cactus Wren are omnivores. They both eat vegetation and meat. Carnivores just eat meat. The Thorny Devil and Sidewinder are meat eaters. Herbivores eat plants. The Addax and Fat Sand Rat eat vegetation.
Foothills shows example of neo endemism, which is a species adapting to the place and paleoendemism is when a species is or was widespread but became restricted to certain areas.Ei. woodpecker
Invasive species can change the ecosystem; for that reason, is very important to agencies like the EPA, to keep close attention in the control,
Herbivory is when an organism hunts and consume another organism that is of the plantae kingdom. This type of relationship can be found within my connection with all plants I consume, but the most common is my relation with oranges. I often consume oranges when they can be found within my house for their properties of preventing scurvy, as proven by James Lind. Oranges are apart of the plantae kingdom. Therefore my connection with oranges are a herbivorous
Each organism in the forest has a niche, the specific area where an organism inhabits, and a role within the community. Nature is a balanced system and any small disruption can lead to detrimental damage. Habitats and niches could be destroyed thus causing interspecific competition for the same niche; this is called resource limitation. The competitive exclusion principle states that when two species are competing for the same limited source, the species who uses the resources more efficiently will eventually wipe out the other species. Also, the species in the 5% area could very well be keystone species, which are organisms have unique and crucial role in the way an ecosystem functions. Without these species, the ecosystem would be dramatically different or become
The example for the relation of biotic feedback mechanism that affects the ecosystem resilience and regime shifts could be found
Late stage shrubsThis site is located on Gunn Road on the outskirts of Matamata, Waikato. A tributary of the Waitoa River flows through the middle of the site. The majority of the site has wet soils, and in winter some areas can be prone to flooding, particularly nearer to the stream. Regardless the ground tends to be boggy, particularly in winter. Consequently, this was historically conifer forest or swaps (Waikato Regional Council, n.d.-b). Currently, willow, grass and blackberry dominate the majority of the site, with some existing flax plants in the wetter areas. For the most part the stream is fenced and surrounded by a dairy farm, however often cows still get near the waterway, due to weak fences. It is clear that this is a degraded site, with little indigenous flora or fauna. Consequently, there is a need for ecological restoration at this site. Ecological restoration is the process of managing a site to return it to its historic state in turns of ecosystem health and sustainability.