Ap Euro Dbq

The Crusades were an unpleasant event that happened for many reasons. It was established in 1096 and thankfully ended in 1291. The cause for why the Crusades had a more negative result is because most people died from participating or majorly hurt. This is because Document 6 states “The city was savagely taken with many lives lost” meaning that people had died. So, the continued fighting that took place because of the Crusades had a huge negative impact on the many people that lost their lives. In addition, Document 1 states “In Europe, crusaders sometimes turned their fury against Jews, massacring entire communities.” Which meant that full families including children were slaughtered, killed and destroyed because the crusaders were mad at

A main cause of the Crusades was the treatment of Christian pilgrims. They were robbed, beaten, and then sold. The main group of Turks, the Seljuk Turks, were threatening

1. Just in case you guys don’t about the history of why the crusades are happening, it’s all about Jerusalem and the Holy Land, or Palestine, have a complicated history. The Holy Land sits at the intersection of three continents, near the birthplace of some of the world’s oldest civilizations. It also borders the Mediterranean Sea, a major artery of conquest and trade. The region is valued as much for its location as for its religious history. The location itself may have been reason enough for people to settle there. In turn, those people developed civilizations that gave rise to the religions that have spent centuries competing for the sacred soil. The three competing monotheistic faiths-Judaism, Christianity, and Islam-met in Jerusalem. Despite their common roots, the differences among the three religions-and their peoples-often sparked conflict.

The Papacy in Rome sanctioned the First Crusade and Pope Urban II preached for a great Christian expedition to capture Jerusalem, the Holy Lands from the Muslims. During this time religion permeated every aspect of life. The Christian kings and peasants believed that every human being was judged in death and one way to absolve oneself of sin was to die in the name of the Lord, therefore dying in the Crusades would purify the soul allowing them to go straight to heaven. Consequently, “thousands of laymen and clergy took up the cross and younger sons of the upper-class had military advantages to become Crusaders” (Fiero, 2017). At this particular time, the church acknowledged and vindicated fighting and killing in the name of God, resulting in the Crusaders slaughtering all enemies of Christ; hundreds of men, women, and children plus the “entire Jewish populations of Cologne and Mainz became victims” (Fiero, 2017). The First Crusade set a dangerous precedent, the rise of organized anti-Jewish persecution and each subsequent Crusade resulted in renewed attacks on the Jews. The persecution of Jews reached a climax during the Crusades.

Going against modern day religious beliefs, in 1095AD the Christians went to war to claim the holy city of Jerusalem, massacring the Muslims in a bloody attempt to worship their God. Pope Urban II’s speech at Clermont inspired by claims made by the Byzantium Emperor encouraged the Christians to partake in the First Crusade in an attempt to liberate Jerusalem. The religious and economic factors were the most relevant to cause this crusade, with some influence from desired political gain and little from social factors unrelated to religion. The immediate consequences were positive for the Christians and negative for the Muslims, but the First Crusade launched an ongoing conflict between the Christians and Muslims which had positive and negative consequences for both sides. There are a number of relevant modern sources which examine the causes and consequences of the First Crusade, but, while there are many medieval sources, they do not explicitly discuss the causes and consequences of the war. In order to fully comprehend the First Crusade, it is necessary to analyse the religious, economic, and political factors, as well as the short-term, long-term, and modern consequences.

Racial antisemitism was born in the Nineteenth Century when laws were passed in many European countries posing the Jewish people as second-class citizens, not receiving the same rights as others in society. While they had reached a level of religious emancipation in some countries, Judaism had become recognized as an ethnicity as well, and this ethnic difference from the Aryans therefore made them “inferior.” Pogroms began across Eastern Europe in the late 1800’s which resulted in

In 1095, The first crusade was launched by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont. Pope Urban hoped to recruit people for the crusades, and that is exactly what happened. But were the crusades a good idea? No. Many documents have said all the bad and good stuff, but more bad stuff then good stuff.

Many people thought poisoned wells caused by the Jews led to the rapid and intensive spread of the Black Plague. Before the outbreak, Jews were very wealthy. Many Jews became successful pawnbrokers, bankers, and money loaners. Documents say that Jews continued to succeed and even “profited more than most.” However, at the same time (after the High Middle Ages), many Christians tended to lose money. Consequently, this often led to a negative connotation for the Jews. Many Christians thought of Jews as phonies and scammers, because they were angry about the Jews’ success during the 14th century. Shortly after, the negative connotation about Jews spread all over Europe. This posed a greater problem when the Plague evolved. With the number of

L. The main reason the crusades started was to take Jerusalem from the Turks. Before 1087, Christian pilgrims frequently traveled to Jerusalem, “the holy land”. However, according to document 6, “from 1087 onwards, turks stopped christian pilgrims from entering Jerusalem.” Basically, the Turks claimed Jerusalem as their own, and prevented any pilgrimages. Pope Urban II was not happy about this. He called European Christians to war in 1095 to recapture Jerusalem. According to Document 1, he says, “I, or rather, the Lord, beseech you as christ's heralds to publish this everywhere and persuade all people of whatever rank, foot-soldiers and knights, poor and rich….to destroy that vile race from the lands of our friends.” Basically, Pope Urban II is urging the people to fight the Turks, and win back Jerusalem.

In medieval Spain, Christians, Jews, and Muslims coexisted with little to no problems. During power swings from Muslims to Christians, Jews often served as a middle man between the two. They ended up in their own communities under their own rule free to do whatever they like. In these communities, there was the normal distribution of wealthy and poor, with most being commoners, but some Jews acquiring jobs from Lords such as tax and tithing collection. During this period, the

From the end of the eleventh century and into the thirteenth century, a series of holy wars known as the Crusades were launched. There were nine crusades, the first of which Urban II issued in 1097 to gain control of Jerusalem, the Holy Land. (io) Which had been until then under Muslim command. The reason behind the Crusades was because Muslims and Christians both wanted control over Jerusalem. For Muslims, it was important because their founder, Muhammad, had risen to heaven from Jerusalem.

The history of the Jewish people in Spain is certainly a pivotal time period that changed the future of the Jews and specifically, the Sephardic Jews. At the time of the issuing and signing of the Edict of Expulsion on March 31, 1492, Spanish Jews were experiencing the most persecution that had been felt in the many centuries of which the Jews had been in Spain. Spanish Jewry came to a dramatic end after almost a millennium of Jewish presence in the country. Spanish Jewry’s golden age, however, the Jews experienced almost no persecution, resulting in a new centre of Talmudic study, before suffering from a relapse of anti-Semitism that eventually led to the Inquisition and the Edict of Expulsion. (SOURCE 1) This essay will discuss and analyze

In the late 15th century, Spain gained its freedom from the Moors. They were Islamic North African people that were and controlled much of Spain. The wealthy, educated Jewish population financially assisted the monarchy to regain Spain from the Moors. Large prosperous Jewish communities existed in Spain. They were respected, unlike other areas of Europe where the Jews were persecuted and victims of organized massacres. In Spain, they remained the financial and scientific leaders in the 15th century. Many of Jews married into Catholic families, consequently, many of Spain’s Christian leaders were of Jewish descent. As Spain became a unified country, many Hispanics forgot the services from which the Jewish had provided them. The economy plummeted, and to many, the Jews became a scapegoat. They became targets for bigotry. Stories were created to lessen the Jews image. These stories included Jews murdering innocent Christian children. Such legends fueled the expulsion of the Jews from

But early religious schisms were far less to blame for growing anti-semitism than the need to establish the roles of religious groups. Of course, this fabricated a new hierarchical system requiring condemnatory reasoning, so twelfth-century Christians spoke of an “ancient blood libel: that every year at Passover, Jews ritually slaughter Christian children and use their blood to bake matzo” a belief which persisted well into the twentieth century (Smith 18). Such sentiments were widespread throughout the Western World, and while they vacillated on intensity, the hierarchy failed to disperse despite the hopes of a new, modern world. Following the Enlightenment, modernity was expected to be a future of logic, reason, and liberties. Yet the twentieth century began with fermenting resentments of failed revolution and strong xenophobia as nationalist sentiments rose. Such bias created in Jews a sense of Otherness as “indigenous” Christians, Protestants and Catholics alike, looked to their shared history of Christendom as a cultural indicator of ethnicity traced back for hundreds of

We know that the Jews were expelled from England by Edward I. When Edward came to throne he was already an experienced general and politician, so he was known by his peers and the public. Edward I was considered the expected savior of the “Holy Land” (Israel) because of his defeat against Simon de Monfort in 1265. This crusade mission shows that Edward I was connected with the church and Christians, supporting the theory that the Jews were expelled because they did not have enough money. (Cannon, John, 2002.) The Jews would side with the anyone who had more money during war and not Christians. This lead to the Christians hating the Jews. At the time England was a monarchy and there was no separation between church and state. Once the Jews got kicked out they were only allowed to bring with them what they could carry, forcing them to start their lives over with almost nothing which is a huge change for the very prosperous life they had in England. Most of them traveled to France and others wandered off to Spain, Germany, and Flanders. In majority of the places around Europe the Jews were treated badly and were not wanted at all. Religious persecution was common and the Crusades were still a major fear ("Timeline for the History of Judaism 9 November 2013). Later in France in 1386, they were forced to leave by Philip