Ap European Art During The Baroque Period

Martin Luther’s Protestant Reformation had really stirred the religious pot. In the early 1600’s, the Catholic Church responded with the Counter Reformation which propelled the Baroque movement and its artistic aim of making Catholic theology appeal to the masses. Biblical stories with drama and movement were some of the ways Baroque artists sought to engage the viewer. Baroque dominated most of the seventeenth century Europe and later developed into the Rococo style later during the eighteenth century. Begun in the 1700’s, the Rococo Era was art of the aristocracies for the aristocracies. It was technically flashy, but without deep thought or emotional drama, the Rococo celebrated the leisure activities of the upper class. The Rococo style is above all an expression of wit and frivolity. Rococo style signaled the shift from Rome to Paris as the new capital of culture and fashion in Europe. Both styles were influenced by political, social and religious factors, and there are profound differences between the two styles. For this essay, I chose to compare an Italian painting from the Baroque era with a French painting from the Rococo Era. The two paintings I chose to compare and analyze are Luca Giordano’s Martyrdom of St. Bartolomeo, and Jean-Marc Nattier’s Terpsichore, Muse of Music and Dance.

inspired not only by paintings in Rome (the main center of innovative ideas), but also by

     Throughout this research paper the topic is going to be along the lines of the Baroque Art in Europe and North America, which comes from chapter nineteen of our Art History book. The main purpose is to review major ideas and principles in this chapter by writing an analysis of certain points that were highlighted. For example, certain techniques that were used to define the Baroque Art, major sculptures, architectures, and paintings, and also just some general background information about this time period. I decided to write on this subject because when reading the chapters, the Baroque period seemed to catch my attention the most due to the amazing architecture that

Baroque art encompasses a broad range of art from Dutch genre paintings to dramatic and theatrical Italian pieces. Because of the religious, socio-economic, and political events of the time, Baroque art can hardly been contained into one description. Politically, the rulers and monarchies used commissioned art to emphasize assert their authority, power and right to rule. Religiously, the Reformation caused the Catholic Church to commission provoking pieces of piety and devotion. And Socio-economically, the rising middle class in many areas of Europe wanted pieces of art to further improve prestige in the social scene and improve their reputation. These three developments that came with the transition from the Renaissance age to the Baroque

Baroque art is presented as an art style. Baroque art style is such diversity within in the Baroque period 1600-1770 because of the relationship to the era’s border and intellectual tendencies there was three important effects on the art. Which are, western Christianity, religious tensions, and the division of the Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. The Baroque artist appealed to their viewer in a dramatic way because there were two powerful forces competing with each other in the 17 century.

The end of the 1600’s and beginning of the 1700’s marked the beginning of stylistic changes in Western music. As time progressed, the popularity of the Baroque styles of music was fading away. European society started to favor more natural and less intense art, which contradicted the typical flashy, over-the-top elements of the Baroque period. During this time of great stylistic change, the concerto, which was developed around 1680, became the most important type of Baroque instrumental music, and also established the orchestra as the leading instrumental ensemble. The instrumental concerto took the idea of the vocal concerto in bringing together two contrasting forces.

The Baroque era, in general, is the period from the late 16th century to the early 18th century in the history of Europe. Baroque is a term used in architecture and photography literally means a strange, asymmetrical, disjointed form. This art first appeared in Rome in the last years of the sixteenth century AD. Features a Baroque style voluminous and filled with interesting details. In the eighteenth century, Baroque art developed into a smoother and more special style called Rococo. Baroque artists were fined for the sensual aspect of things. They were described in detail in detail. Italy, with Rome as its capital in the 17th century, was the main center of great artistic activity and was the most important source of art in Europe, One of the works of this art is the painting of the Royal Society by Francis Bacon, who called for the establishment of an institution to promote the acquisition of knowledge gained from observation and was able to establish the first scientific journal through the Royal Society to promote the principles of Bacon from monitoring and measuring

The European history is outstandingly unique in comparison to other cultures’. During the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries, there were several remarkable movements, advancements and disappointments made within the European history. With the numerous aspects that factor in the European history are made up through the culture such as, the form of government, the economic stance, the trade reliability, the position of authority, the structure of the society, as well as the spread of religions over the land. Two of the most important movements within the European history were the Renaissance and the Reformation.

The aristocracy is rich and powerful during the Baroque period. It is called " age of absolutism" because of the high power of the aristocracy. They use luxury entertainments to show their power. On the other hand, the religious institutions, which is divided into Catholic and Protestant, also compete their power with their baroque style in churches. And the middle-class also distribute the development of Baroque style as well. And because its ability of influence the development of baroque style, a style that represent luxury, it shows that the social status of the middle class is rising.

The use of ornamentation in Baroque music was a creative, and sometimes improvised outlet for period musicians that spurred from human instinct to manipulate melodic material. This urge to change melodic material by altering the rhythm, or melody can be seen throughout history. Music including Gregorian chant, which predates the Baroque era, contains some elements of ornamentation. It can be seen throughout the Baroque, Classical era, and even in modern music. Although improvisation has been repressed by modern conventions of performance, it shows itself in the style of improvised jazz and avant-garde free improvisation. Performers use improvisation as a means of self-expression and a way to express composer intent. During the Baroque era, there were many different styles and methods of ornamentation depending on location, style, date, and composer of a piece of music. Understanding the historical developments of the Baroque era and the development of ornamentation can help modern performers of Baroque music better understand how to play a more historically accurate performance.

The Baroque style helped change the role of the viewers. Italian Renaissance kept viewers at a distance from the work but played with varying perspectives making them "reflect intellectually on what they were seeing" (714). Bernini helped develop the new Baroque style by allowing the viewer to see the sculpture from all sides. The new "three-dimensional perspective" helps give David more lifelike qualities by allowing the viewer to see the "lean, sinewy body, tightly clenched mouth, and straining muscles" (717). Incorporating the viewer into the surrounding space, Bernini, "implies the presence of an unseen adversary somewhere behind the viewer" recognizing the viewer as a part of the sculpture and the action, a major component of the Baroque

The baroque movement was a movement that aimed to elevate the church and its teachings, at least at first. It began around 1600 when the Vatican decided to try to make Rome into the greatest city in the world in order to edify God and the church. Another aim was to combat the spread of Protestantism, which had begun to flourish in parts of Europe after Martin Luther staged his first protests of the Catholic church. There was a consistent theme of all things dramatic throughout this period. They sought to appeal to people’s senses and emotions in displaying and painting scenes with a highly dramatic flair. In addition, they also sought to edify the church and state by building things in a bigger scale than ever before. One can see this in the palaces and cathedrals built during this time. So, in short, artists and architects not only painted dramatically, but also built dramatically until the end of this period around 1700.

A. The Baroque era began as artists were disgusted against the approach of Mannerist art. The Baroque art movement combines dramatic works of arts, beautiful details, and emotionally stimulating subject matter to give the viewer a powerful visual experience (Devlin, E. L. 2013)

Renaissance art history began as civic history; it was an expression of civic pride. The first such history was Filippo Villani's De origine civitatis Florentiae et eiusdem famosis civibus, written about 1381-82. Florentine artists revived an art that was almost dead, Villani asserts, just as Dante had restored poetry after its decline in the Middle Ages. The revival was begun by Cimabue and completed by Giotto, who equalled the ancient painters in fame and even surpassed them in skill and talent. After Giotto came his followers, Stefano, Taddeo Gaddi, and Maso, uomini illustri all, who, together with notable jurists, poets, musicians, theologians, physicians, orators, and others, made

For my Installation piece I have decided to explore the idea of The Baroque Art Era. The Baroque is a period of artistic style that concentrated on exaggerated processes and lavish designs.