Ap Euro's Fight Against Terrorism

Another element of the strategy is untwisting the “spiral of violence”. The classic mechanism, which assume the existence of cycles of suicide terrorism activity in a “action-repression-reaction” it is aimed at lowering the public support for the government, and increase it for the terrorists. By curried out the suicide terrorism attacks, the intension and aim of the terrorists is to hit the repressive actions of the authorities not only in themselves but also in the group indentified with them and/or their supporters (a specified ethnic group, religious, social or the entire society). As a result, this process has lead to massive social explosion directed against the government. Such a model of strategy for terrorism has been used by most of the leftist groups in Europe in the nineteenth century, and in the

This article by Isabelle Duyvesteyn starts off by summarising the objectives that challenge the perspective of terrorism since the last decade of the twentieth century is fundamentally new. In this article certain questions have been debated regarding new aspects of terrorism and they are: “transnational nature of the perpetrators and their organizations, their religious inspiration, fanaticism, use of weapons of mass destruction and their indiscriminate targeting.” ("How New Is the New Terrorism?", 2017)In order to understand the depth of aspects of new terrorism the article talks about “national and territorial focus of the new terrorists, their political motivations, use of conventional weaponry and the symbolic targeting that is aimed in order to achieve a surprising effect.” ("How New Is the New Terrorism?", 2017)

“Terrorism's particularly heinous but highly attractive means to achieve political objectives or even radically restructure political foundations is manifest within societies in all reaches of the world. While the practical application of terrorist methodologies comes across as a relatively straightforward craft, the conceptual and ideological understanding, and subsequent evaluation of its socio-political influence, implementation, and psychological impacts present difficult questions, and in some cases conceivably insurmountable obstacles” (Romaniuk 2014, para

They elucidate that terrorism is a “premeditated, politically motivated, violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups of clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience,” (National Institute of Justice).

Suicide terrorism is frequently associated with irrational behavior. In the article “The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism” written by Robert A. Pape, he asserts that suicide terrorism are strategies of rational thinking. Furthermore, he claims that leaders of terrorist organizations utilize suicide terrorism, as a form of coercion. Thus, he characterizes suicide terrorism as a rational and strategic act amongst the leaders of terrorist organizations to achieve their political objectives. Although Pape constructed a significant correlation between coercion, suicide terrorism, and success. The article, however, fails to present a well-balanced argument, opposing viewpoints, and lacked sufficient

Pape’s use of realist theory is incredibly prevalent in his description of terrorist organizations and the effects of suicide terrorism. Pape believes the use of suicide terrorism to be rational and strategic, aimed at achieving specific goals such as the withdrawal of foreign troops. In this way, Pape’s terrorist groups act like rational actors focused on self-interest, similar to how states act in realist theory. Pape’s terrorist groups also employ the use of power through coercion in the same way states can in neo-realist theory. Pape describes suicide terrorism as an example of the punishment method of coercion used by a weaker power against a stronger power due to the inability in realism for a weaker power to coerce a stronger power through denial. Pape also makes the realist assumption that states use rational calculations of costs and benefits when deciding when to make concessions, with the cost or threatened cost of the suicide attacks needing to outweigh a state’s interest in an issue, and with states being completely unwilling to concede on issues of national interest regardless of the cost caused by suicide attacks, instead resorting to military responses. In these ways, Pape shows clear evidence of realist influences and ideas in his description of terrorist

Although the main focus will be on suicide attacks, the essay will also mention other forms of self-sacrifice, such as hunger strikes, that some terrorist groups have used. Before presenting the arguments, however, I will give a brief explanation on what suicide terrorism is considered to be. Suicide terrorism Although general belief is that suicide terrorism is quite a modern phenomenon, it is a method that has been used since ancient times, from Samson in the Old Testament to the Sicarii and Assassins in the Middle Ages and Muslim groups fighting against colonial forces during the 19th century (Stanciu, 2007).

This short, powerful article defines a lot of the issues that are debated in the ideology of terrorism. Terrorism is a word used frequently to apply to the other side when violence includes bystanders, especially when the attackers "felt justified in killing children, the elderly, and innocent civilians" (page 1). As pointed out here, the bombings of Japanese cities at the end of World War II were justified as being a tool to end the great war. However, many people not involved were killed. Terrorism is a term defined, but other issues within the acts are not. For some, innocent bystanders are nothing more than collateral damage. Rational in action, another focus, shows they are rational in the sense they thought they promoted their self-interest.

In advance to developing my claim, I consider it is relevant to describe the general idea of terrorism. Terrorism including suicide bombing, mass shootings, and another indiscriminate killing is a sad feature of current life. Terrorism and terrorist events for example, the September 11 attack, and the world trade

Many countries around the world are affected by terrorist organizations and continue to terrify audiences far and wide. When examining the word terrorist, it is used as a noun to identify someone who is acting in pursuit of political aims. The person committing the crimes will not call themselves terrorists, for the name terrorist is given by the witnesses and victims – more often public agents, the media – who label the acts of violence as terrorism. Terrorists justify their actions through specular causes, religious causes, and sometimes both. Violence is the key factor that leads us to labeling someone as a terrorist, however the violence is seen as a problem being solved and/or eliminated from society as an act they believe glorifies their beliefs. Through the extended essay, there will not be a sense of justification toward the acts of terrorists, however, an investigation arguing that learned behavior is connected to terroristic violence.

From news rooms to newspapers and websites, the words “acts of terrorism” were blurted out again and again over the past 13 years. The reality is, there is no “act” of terrorism. Individuals create acts of violence in support of terrorism, thus making them part of a larger process. In chapter One, Canter mentions a staircase terrorism model that was introduced by Moghaddam in 2005 describing the process as “a person entering into and becoming part of an ever more involving commitment to violence for political or ideological ends.” For this to take place, two things must occur; first, the organization must be feared by others (i.e. groups, communities, government, etc.), and second, they are remembered culturally and internationally for the grievances the organizations cause. These grievances are key to the organizations success and keeping them feared over the course of years. They also become the identifying mark of the organization, laying the groundwork for resentment to those who the organization sees as their enemy. One of the major misconceptions about terrorism is it’s not how devastating or damaging the incident is, but how well the organization can spin the incident to its supporters that drive the influx of violence. Terrorism is created on a psychological level. Social media, friends, family, and gatherings all contribute to the influence of hatred of external groups,

Terrorism is not just the inhumane actions against innocent civilians; it is a medium many see as the only option. Terrorist organizations utilize these actions to inflict fear and precipitate political action. Recent attacks in Paris and Brussels is igniting mass debates on the ongoing institution of terrorism, and the responsibility of international players in the global composition. Attacks in Paris and Brussels model for the rest of the world in terms of nation response, future threats, and interstate cooperation.

The history of terrorism can be traced back as far as the French revolution. Some of these acts of terrorism only seem as distant reminders of our past, but at the same time, are not a far cry from today’s brutal acts; and although these acts seem distant, it doesn’t also mean they are no longer in the thoughts of individuals in today’s time.

In terrorist attacks, individuals or groups use violence to obtain political or social objectives through the intimidation of a large audience beyond that of the immediate victims (Santifort-Jordan & Sandler 2014, 981). If the terrorist attack is particularly shocking, then the terrorist group hopes that their malicious act will cause sufficient social anxiety that society will pressure the government to concede to the group 's demands. Suicide terrorist attacks, the execution of which requires the terrorists to sacrifice his or her life, have grown in number since the late 1990s (Santifort-Jordan & Sandler 2014, 981). According to Robert Pape (2003), suicide terrorism is rising around the world, but the most common explanations do not help us understand why. Terrorist organizations are increasingly relying on suicide attacks to achieve major political objectives. For example, spectacular suicide terrorist attacks have recently been employed by Palestinian groups in attempts to force Israel to abandon the West Bank and Gaza, by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam to compel the Sri Lankan government to accept an independent Tamil homeland, and by Al Qaeda to pressure the United States to withdraw from the Saudi Arabian Peninsula (Pape 2003, 343). Furthermore, such attacks are increasing both in tempo and location.

Terrorism is a form of psychological warfare. Terrorism disrupts the sense of security, leaving citizens everyday lives discombobulated when the act of terror is replaced with their peaceful lives. With their goals ranging from —nationalist struggle, ethnic strife, religious strife, separatist struggle, political-governance dispute, economic dispute, and anti colonial revolt.(Volume 9, 2004 - Issue 1-2 Boaz) “Any consideration of whether and how social policy affects terrorism, therefore, must reckon with this enormous diversity of terrorism as a political phenomenon ( BURGOON December 16, 2008 pg3 ).” Social policy unravels complicated effects that are the equivalent to complicated phenomenon of terrorism ( BURGOON December 16, 2008 pg4). Terrorist want to be televised to show the world there way of thinking to gain more people who think the same way, and are.