Ap Morgan Biography

Chester Alan Arthur was born on October 5, 1829, in Fairfield, Vermont. Arthur and his seven siblings lived in the United States and Canada during their childhood.

The Homestead Strike was a labor dispute between the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers and the Carnegie Steel Company. The Carnegie Steel Company’s chief executive, Henry Frick, hired Pinkerton Detectives to end the workers’ strike. On July 6, 1892, a confrontation between the workers and Pinkertons escalated into a deadly battle in Homestead, Pennsylvania (AFL-CIO). Despite becoming a source of inspiration for American workers, the Homestead Strike led to the eradication of the country’s strongest labor union and showed how powerful the combination of government and business could be.

Andrew Carnegie was born on November 25, 1835. He and his family were immigrants from Scotland. His father found it increasingly hard to find work in Dunfermline. So the family decided to emigrate to the United States. When the came to America, it was during the Reconstruction Era.

They first settled in New York City nine years later after he was born in 1849. He attended the public schools until he was old enough to start working at the age of fourteen. He worked at a mercantile house in which he was employed a short time. A few years later they moved to Crawfordsville, Indiana where he started working in printing office and making jewelry.

The Homestead Strike was a very violent, but important event to the people of the American Business Industry. The violent act of a desperate businessman, in attempt to retain peace, killed many men. The infamous story of the Pinkertons changed the ways of American business agreements. The Homestead Strike changed the traditional American business environment by creating new laws and the awareness of the need for peace in business world.

Carnegie not only got his start as a young Irish immigrant working as a railroad telegraph operator, his first major corporation was the Keystone Telegraph Company, in which he acquired the Pacific and Atlantic Telegraph Company. Carnegie thought of giving up on business after having moderate success, but on a trip to England in 1872, he met with Henry Bessemer and saw his plans for steel. (Carnegie

The Homestead steel mill was located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and was owned by Andrew Carnegie. The conditions were not very safe. One worker stated “...Sometimes the slag falls on the workmen from the roadway up there.”. The employees worked 12 hours a day and most of them only got paid $1.40. Workers were not happy with these conditions and formed a strike. Carnegie was not present during this strike, as he was in Scotland. He trusted in the

Andrew Carnegie was one of the wealthiest men in America but his wealth didn’t come without hard work and dedication. Carnegie was born in “Dunfermline, Scotland on November 25, 1835” (Tyle). According to Laura B. Tyle, the invention of the weaving machine unfortunately pushed Carnegie’s family in to poverty “In 1848, Carnegie’s family left Scotland and moved to Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, where his father and eventually him worked in a cotton factory” (Tyle). After leaving the cotton factory “Carnegie became a messenger boy for the Pittsburgh telegraph office and eventually made his way up to telegraph operator” (Tyle). According to Laura B. Tyle “Thomas A. Scott, the superintendent of the western division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, made Carnegie his secretary at the age of eighteen.” Later, Carnegie took over Scott’s position of the railroad. Furthermore Carnegie “began to see that steel was going to replace iron and by 1873 he organized a steel rail company” (Tyle). According to Laura B. Tyle he continued to build his company when he “cut prices, drove out competitors,

Carnegie was the classic rags to riches story, the penniless immigrant who made it big in the land of opportunity. Carnegie was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, and migrated to America in 1848 at the age of 13. His first job was in a cotton mill, earning a measly $1.20

     After his near death experience and fall out with Carnegie Steel Company he continued his business interests in Pittsburgh, New York, and other cities. He formed the St. Clair Steel Company in 1900, with the largest coke works in the world in Clairton. He then played a major role in the formation of United States Steel Corporation, after Carnegie sold his interests in the Carnegie Steel Company in 1901. He then began investing in a large real estate in Downtown Pittsburgh that included the Frick Building,

Disharmony among unions, violence created by the laborers, and the negative perceptions and associations gained by those actions were not the only crippling factors; the outside forces of the employer and government also proved to be detrimental to the labor movement. In the case of the Homestead Strike, which was caused by Henry Clay Frick’s nearly twenty percent cut in wages in 1892, Pinkerton detectives were hired to put an end to the development that arose. However, Frick’s arriving guests were met by his striking employees, resulting in multiple deaths (Document G); despite this attempt of resistance, the strike ended after five months, creating a huge setback in the steel industries’ labor movements. Frick’s tactics were not uncommon; other popular weapons employers used included lockouts, closing a particular factory before a suspected movement was put together; blacklists, which included the names of workers who were associated with unions and would be passed about employers; and yellow-dog contracts, which prevented employees from joining unions while they were working for a company (Document E). One particular tactic was secured by a Supreme Court case in 1895, In re Debs, which was a result of

Andrew Carnegie was born on November 25th, 1835 in Dunfermline, Scotland. His father was a hand loom weaver and Chartist. Carnegie believed in the importance of birthplace. “I was supremely so in

" Pittsburgh's strategic location and wealth of natural resources spurred its commercial and industrial growth in the 19th century. A blast furnace, erected by George Anschutz in 1792, was the forerunner of the iron and steel industry that for more than a century was the city's economic mainstay; by 1850 it was known as the "Iron City." The Pennsylvania Canal and the Portage Railroad, both completed in 1834, opened vital markets for trade and shipping. After the American Civil War, great numbers of European immigrants swelled Pittsburgh's population, and industrial magnates such as Andrew Carnegie, Henry Clay Frick, and Thomas Mellon built their steel empires there. The city became the focus of historic friction between labor and management, and the American Federation of Labor was born there in 1881."

fame and fortune was through shipping and railroads, becoming one of the richest men in

The Homestead Strike was an industrial strike at the Carnegie Steel Company plant that occurred in Homestead, Pennsylvania, on July 6, 1892. Many regard it as one of the most violent labor strikes in United States History. The strike began when the manager of the plant, Henry Clay Frick, closed the mill after the workers rejected his proposed twenty-two percent wage cut. Frick hired approximately three hundred men from the Pinkerton Defective Agency to guard the