Ap Psychology Module 6

A hypothesis is a statement of prediction. A proposition is a statement about certain concepts that can be judged true or false. When a proposition begins to be tested, it is known as a hypothesis. (Cooper & Schindler, 2011). A hypotheses act as a tentative and conjectural nature between two or more variables within a research. There are many types of hypotheses. Descriptive hypotheses are one of the most common hypotheses. The existence, the size, the form, or the distribution of some variable is stated in descriptive hypotheses (Cooper & Schindler, 2011). There are many important functions of the hypotheses. For starters, it acts as a path for the study. It also differentiates the facts relevant and those that are not. There are three qualifications that make hypotheses

to observe if the hypothesis agrees with what is actually observed, the results. This is the

As discussed in the Module 5 DQ 1, the most vital function of the hypothesis testing is in researches where the needs to be a conclusion drawn from a logical approach of making a claim and proving that the claim is rejected or not with respect to samples and respective statistical approaches. The claim could be for the effect on blood pressure with certain hypertensive drugs as Beta-blockers, the adverse effects of certain anti-cancer drug in comparison to another anti- cancer drug, the claim that fast foods cause heart diseases in contrast to healthy, the claim that alcohol and drunk driving are the major cause of accidents, etc. The hypothesis testing is taken from a normally distributed population with the known mean and known or unknown standard deviations; the claim could also be conducted about the standard deviations or variances. It is normally concerned with drawing sensible inferences and are not associated with making prediction from the values drawn from the variables.

Hypothesis helps in making decision by comparing benchmark values and present results with the variables applied. If Hypothesis is used to predict the future results this will be more about decision to conclude whether to implement/accept or reject. Again, Hypothesis also use all statistical modals of data, outliers removal, mean of sample, mean of population and proportions.

In the inferential method of hypothesis testing, you consider the evidence (sample statistic) to see whether the evidence better supports the statement (null hypothesis) or the mutually exclusive alternative. Hypothesis testing is based on sample information. Methodology enables you to make inferences about a population parameter by analysing differences between the results observed (sample stat) and the results you expect to get if some underlying hypothesis is actually true. The hypothesis that assumes the status quo – that the old theory, method or standard is still true; the complement of the alternative hypothesis.

The hypothesis helps the investigator to collect the right kind of data needed for the investigation. Hypotheses are also important because they help an investigator to locate information needed to resolve the research problem or sub problems (Leedy and Ormrod, 2001). In research, an investigator is able to either support or reject a hypothesis. If a hypothesis is rejected, it will lead an investigator to new hypothesis to explain the phenomenon in question. If a hypothesis is continually supported, it may evolve into a theory (Leedy and Ormrod, 2001).

Let's first be clear of what a null hypothesis is. According to Wikipedia, as quoted below.

When conducting a scientific method research, the researcher may review, analyze, and test an area of research that has been previously studied. The researcher will develop a hypothesis statement that will predict the outcomes of the study. A research hypothesis is a statement made by the researcher based on theory to predict a relationship between variables or events in a research study that is testable and falsifiable. However, the hypothesis outside of science is consider to be a guess or theory that has not been tested. The prediction of the hypothesis is an educated guess of what might happen with the future outcomes of the study. The hypothesis can be tested by completing an experiment or observation. The testability of theory will help the research identify if the hypothesis

While all research studies have questions all studies do not include hypotheses. The level of existing empirical knowledge will determine whether a hypothesis is appro priate. A hypothesis is not a wild guess it is a logical conclusion based on the previ ous research ndings identi ed in the literature review. A hypothesis is the predicted answer to a research question. The level of existing knowledge and the decision to include or not include hypotheses will drive the appropriate overall research ap proach.

Null hypothesis testing is concerned with the correlation or differences in means (continuous data) between groups. The null hypothesis works on the premise that there is no difference between two groups such as males and females who respond to a set of items (independent sample T-test). The null hypothesis can also be described as the hypothesized mean being equal to the population mean. So the null hypothesis is

The well-formulated hypothesis will provide the vision of where the research may be directed, as well as the problem, theory, or perhaps just a need to understand something. Moreover, the hypothesis aids in identifying e.g. objective, abstract concepts, and relationships. Furthermore, the research question may additionally be referenced as being either deductive or inductive. Although both deductive and inductive are associative in its use of a hypothesis, the focus is different for both. Below are examples of a null and an alternative hypothesis.

21. A hypothesis should be developed before you experiment so you know what you are testing; after the experiment takes place you may or may not be able to reject the proposed hypothesis, if your hypothesis is not true you have to test a new hypothesis that will be true in another experiment.

The null hypothesis is a statement that identifies there is no difference between the independent variable and the dependent variable, the variables are equal (Salkind, 2013). For the following research scenario, the null hypothesis would state: there is no difference between the variable ability to identify hypertension lifestyle factors (cannot identify, can identify some, can identify all) and willingness to engage in self-care.

Hypothesis in other words is an assumption for the research, the researchers organizes his or her ideas and critically thinks what could be the reasons for the stated research questions; thinking of the reasons or possible causal is referred to as hypothesis. Generally hypothesis give cruel before the study starts and the results of the study will be directed to confirm or reject the stated hypothesis.

•  A hypothesis is a statement of the researcher 's prediction regarding the outcome of the study. It can be defined as a shrewd or educated guess as to the outcome of the study. •  It indicates the expectations of the researcher regarding certain variables. It is the most specific way in which an answer to a problem can be stated.