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Ap World History Chapter 21 Summary

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Chapter 21 A. The Toltec and the Mexica 1. Toltecs emerge in the ninth and tenth centuries after the collapse of Teotihuacan a. Established large state, powerful army mid-tenth to the mid-twelfth century b. Tula was the Toltec capital city and center of trade c. Maintained close relations with societies of the Gulf coast and the Maya 2. Toltec decline after twelfth century d. Civil strife at Tula, beginning in 1125 e. Nomadic invaders after 1175 3. Arrival of the Mexica (or Aztecs) in central Mexico mid-thirteenth century f. Warriors and raiders g. Built capital city, Tenochtitlan (modern Mexico City), about 1345 …show more content…

Chimu, powerful kingdom in the lowlands of Peru before the mid-fifteenth century . Irrigation networks; cultivation of maize and sweet potatoes . Capital city at Chanchan had massive brick buildings 19. The Inca settled first around Lake Titicaca in the Andean highlands . Ruler Pachacuti launched campaigns against neighbors, 1438 . Built a huge empire stretching four thousand kilometers from north to south 20. Inca ruled as a military and administrative elite . Use of quipu for record keeping . Capital at Cuzco, which had as many as three hundred thousand people in the late fifteenth century . Extensive road system linked north and south . Official runners carried messages; spread of Quecha language F. Inca society and religion 21. Trade limited . Local barter in agricultural goods . Fewer specialized crafts 22. Inca society was also a hereditary aristocracy . Chief ruler viewed as descended from the sun, owned everything on earth . After death, mummified rulers became intermediaries with gods . Aristocrats enjoyed fine food, embroidered clothes, and wore ear spools . Priests led celibate and ascetic lives, very influential figures 23. Peasants worked the land and gave over a portion of their produce to

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