Ap World History Dbq Essay

Although the monarchs ruled the same way, and had the same views all of them had

“Navajo trading has been a crucial component of that tribe's localized economy for generations and has been the subject of much scholarship over the years (Kiser, 2012).” Trading is what has really distinguished the Navajo from other cultures. They traded with the Spanish at first and then on to other tribes. They were first introduced to a horse from being able to establish trade with the Spanish in the 1620’s. Many other native cultures went

However, with the remains of their pieces of tools and other goods across the lands in different villages it can be speculated that some groups of Native Americans had social relations with others, or had mobile groups spread across the lands. For example, the clovis was an instrument used for hunting by the Paleo-Indian groups. The Clovis and Folsom peoples, and has been found in animal and village remains across the land. Judging that their groups traveled a lot this means that they built social connections with other groups. Leaving behind many small villages of fewer people for archaeologists to excavate. Additionally, social constrictions are seen in the people who follow after the Paleo-Indian peoples who focused more on hunting and gathering, but relied heavily more on natural foods such as fruits and nuts. As a result of this gathering technique for food supply, more villages were formed beginning with the archaic peoples. I believe this had led to the evolution of larger populations in native villages as I had read throughout Plog’s book that the villages got bigger with the increased use farming agricultural goods such as maize and beans. Rather than small campsites, villages rose as a result such as the Shabik’eschee peoples in Chaco Canyon. The development of village life led to new cultural customs such as cremation of the dead and preserved

The Archaic was a time of mostly small societies that engaged in intensive foraging, with the adoption of farming coming in the late Archaic. By the Middle Archaic we see more cemeteries with burials in mounds, a move towards sedentism, and groups claiming the rights to resources. During the Late Archaic there was a move towards population growth, the beginning of the Eastern Agricultural Complex, trade, pottery, storage, and sedentism. Two Archaic mound building societies were Watson Brake and Poverty Point. Watson Brake in Louisiana is one of the oldest mound sites in North America with dates of 3500 – 3000 B.C., with 11 mounds that are up to 25 feet, connected by ridges, interior ritual spaces, and was occupied year round. Poverty Point is located in northeastern Louisiana and was a pre-agricultural ceremonial center. Poverty Point covers 494 acres and took more than 1,236,007 cu ft of soil to construct (Fagan 2005: 418). Objects discovered at Poverty Point show that they took part in long distance trade and made use of a variety of exotic materials. These materials included: slate, copper, jasper, quartz, and as stated in our lecture there were materials coming from as far as 1,400 miles

Adena and the Middle Woodland societies traded throughout the land such as the southern Appalachians and the Great Lakes. They would trade artifacts like marine shells, whelks, and pipestones (ibid 682). Most of the Middle Woodland artifacts were actually found in Ohio though it was evident that people would travel long-distances to different destinations. During the Late Woodland period (AD 400-1000), mounds were coming to an end in some areas as well as long-distance trades. Population didn’t cease to grow and stretched through the Midwest and Southwest. The villages that separated into owning more land where it was farther from river access started to cultivate native plants but they only lasted a few years (ibid 684).

The Haudenosaunee lived in balance with nature that they imposed, while Europeans lived in competition with nature, attempting to control it fully. This vastly different method of farming is an important part of American history as it is the reason for the famous Great Plains. It also gives insight into the nature of the Native Americans and their livelihoods. The mound building engineers who built Cahokia’s Monks Mound show us that even though the Indians lived centuries ago, they were just as able as other ancient civilizations and even modern ones. The monks mound was built on clay which is prone to swelling and by insulating and watering the mound, it still exists today (Mann 260). Just as the Ancient Egyptians are studied for their pyramids, the Cahokians should be studied as part of Ancient U.S. History demonstrating their engineering ability. Finally, an achievement of Native Americans that makes them worthy of inclusion in U.S. History is the invention of terra preta, an unusually fertile soil found in Amazonia that is anthropogenic. Indians likely used the technique, slash-and-char to create charcoal

There artifacts were bows, arrows, ball clubs, jaw bone clubs, hatchet axe, spears, lances, and knives. These were their tools.

Seeing that fired clay is one of the only substances known to man whose consistent shape does not alter over time, researchers can apply carbon-dating to discovered Native American pottery in order to extend our basic knowledge of their culture (“Pottery”). In fact, what we know about Native Americans is influenced by the Europeans; their arrival bringing metal tools, replacing

Unique goods such as use of macaw feathers (Minnis,271), copper bells (2Noble, 29), and many other examples not used in this work such as cacao, (Washburn, 1635) and the appearance of the Hero Twins on Mimbre pottery, (2.Thompson,1) establishes this in the archaeological record of the American Southwest. As well as the uses of such items show the importance and value given to them. The contact, and influence of this contact, shapes a region, and the contribution of maize cultivation shapes a continent.

Pottery in the earliest, lower levels of each excavation was not typical Indian heads, but

The indigenous Indian tribes and the Europeans interacted through fur trade. The Indians exchanged furs for manufactured goods from the Europeans. The Europeans had to form relationships with the Indians in order to trade with them. Forming relationships with others was important to the Indian tribes when it came to trade since there was a major language barrier between the Indians and the Europeans.

It would be referring to artifacts that represented the neck, rim, appendage, or base of a vessel. An analysis of ceramics, stone tools, or even animals bones would establish the chronology of the settlement zone. We are aware that the dates for these artifacts may only represent the last periods of occupation, as deeper subsurface layers of the stratigraphy often contain the earliest materials. Most of the excavation work would be done with a shovel, but whenever fragile artifacts are encountered, the hand trowel becomes the tool of

Metal artefacts have always played the key role in discussions of the Bronze Age as an international capital market. In early archaeology, much focus was placed on artefacts in terms of typology and cross-dating in order to estimate their period of affiliation. It was the study of their fragmentation that led early scholars to divide depositions into ritual sacrifices and rational-economic scrap findings. In recent archaeology, instead, focus has been placed on their landscape context, relating different categories of objects to certain settings and assumed practices in the landscape. Although the importance of emphasizing regional variations is often stressed, similar patterns of deposition practices are nonetheless often stressed.

Manorialism was an economic system that existed in Western Europe from about 1050 to 1300 CE. Serfs who worked for a lord farmed large fields. The lord owned the fields and lived in a large manor house. He owned between a third and a half of all the crops. The serfs also had a part of the fields for themselves. Serfs couldn’t leave the manor and they had to give the lord a certain amount of their crops, but they could keep the surplus. The serfs lived together communally and worked the fields together using the three crop rotation. There was also a church and a parson who had his own house and part of the crops. Lords who were warriors that defended the manor and attacked neighboring manors created manors. The serfs had

The origin of the Fremont has been a disputed subject. Some researchers argue for an in situ development from the Desert Archaic culture (Aikens 1970; Marwitt 1970; Husted and Mallory 1967). Others have also suggested an in situ development but with a great deal of influence from the Anasazi to the south (Ambler 1966). Archaeologists have proposed a migration origin with an influx of people from the Virgin Anasazi region (Gunnerson 1969) or from the northwestern Plains (Aikens 1966). Researchers base these suppositions on Fremont material traits that are similar to those of people from outside of the Fremont region, such as tipi rings, shield pictographs, projectile point forms, moccasins, and pottery manufacturing techniques. None of these theories seems to adequately explain the variation that exists within the Fremont region (Madsen 1979).