Ap bio guided reading chapter 2 and 26

What is the function of ribosomes? What are their two components? Ribosomes are the cellular components that carry out protein synthesis. Their two components are a large subunit and a small subunit.

A more recent evolutionist of the theory is Lynn Margulis, who is famous through her research career that mainly focused on this concept. It was Biologist Lynn Margulis from Boston University who in 1967 began to tell an older view. She suggested that certain prokaryotes had been overtaken by larger more active species. Instead of being digested inside the host cell some victims continued to thrive and grow. The theory of Endosymbiosis describes the origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria and their double membranes. This concept explains the idea that chloroplasts and mitochondria are the results of years of evolution started by endocytosis of bacteria and blue green algae. Based on this theory, blue green algae and bacteria are not

2. Cellular level- molecules, in turn, associate in specific ways to form organelles, basic components of the microscopic cells. Cells are smallest units of living things.

Surface Tension: The measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid.

form organic molecules that create the basis for life. The main elements found in biological

E. The products of a chemical reaction are formed from the reactants. Correct See Section 2.3: How Do Atoms Change Partners in Chemical Reactions? Points Earned: 1/1 Correct Answer: B

Endosymbiosis is the theory that eukaryotic cells were formed when a prokaryotic cell ingested some aerobic bacteria. The first step of the evolution of a eukaryotic cell is the infolding of the cellular membrane. This process takes place when the plasma membrane folds inwards and develops an envelope around a smaller prokaryotic cell. Once the smaller cell is engulfed, it becomes dependent upon its host cell. It relies on the host cell for organic molecules and inorganic compounds. However, the host cell also benefits because it has an increased output of ATP for cellular activities and becomes more productive. This ATP comes from the mitochondrion (the aerobe) that is engulfed.

In eukaryotes, stored primarily in the cell nucleus. A nucleic acid using deoxyribose rather than ribose.

The chemistry of life is Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon and Nitrogen combined in the right way. Combination of just the right ingredients and just the right amount. These fundamental ingredient of life. Carbon is the main ingredient. Carbon is everywhere. Carbon is very flexible and can be combined with many other. Amino acids used energy and became peptides, and which can link together to form proteins. From non-living to living

Ribosomes then started copy themselves into cell-like structure with a thin membrane and cytoplasm. Eventually, cells starting storing DNA. Lateral transfer diversified the cells genetic makeup. From this community of cells came the three domains, known as bacteria, eukaryotes, and archaea. Bacteria and archaea are together called

Mitochondria is considered to have developed from proteobacteria and and chloroplast from cyanobacteria. She also discovered the theory of symbiogenesis, which explores the interconnections of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It also explores the concern that mitochondria and plastids have their own DNA. In contrast to Neo-Darwinism, Margulis holds the belief that life did not take over the globe by combat, but by

Ever since the history of Earth has been studied using fossil records, extinctions have always been the object of fascination and interest, particularly the mass extinctions that occurred throughout Earth's history. A mass extinction can be caused by disruptive global environmental changes, where large numbers of species have become extinct (Urry et al. 2008). There have been five major extinctions documented based on fossil records over the past 500 million years, but the Cretaceous (KT boundary extinction – a name that meant it began the Tertiary era) extinction caught a lot of

There have been five well known extinctions on this earth. The one most well known is the mass extinction that ended the dinosaurs. Mass extinction is often described as the elimination of a large number of species in a short period of time. Despite what many think, the elimination of species is almost commonplace at this point. The Earth is currently in the middle of a sixth mass extinction, and it’s been caused by the human race.

Over 98% of all organisms that have lived on Earth are now extinct. A mass extinction event occurs when a large number of species die out within a small time frame (relative to the age of Earth). Mass extinctions are intensively studied for both cause and effect, as there is usually room for debate regarding catalysts that precede the extinction and the massive influx of new biological species that follows. There have been five major mass extinctions, dubbed the “Big Five,” that have wiped out at least 50% of the species living at those times. The most well known mass extinction of the Big Five, with the decimation of every species of non-avian dinosaur, is the Cretaceous-Paleogene

The forth-major gas is methane.  Methane also traps heat in to the atmosphere like carbon dioxide, but methane has a less harmful effect on