Apothecary In The Colonial Era

Practitioners with a lack of formal education did medical care in the 17th century. Many women and laypeople in that time had lots of expertise in herbal medicines and folk antidotes to cure colonists. The first curer people would turn to if they were sick would be a neighbor or a family member. However, there was a new type of physician in the 18th century. This was usually a young man from a wealthy family who went to an elite university who didn 't see himself as a doctor, but more as a scientist. The new physicians learned anatomy through dissection, assisted researchers, and helped with medical experiments. They also observed surgical procedures, and sat through lectures about new advances in the department of medical science. Alongside the scientists, there were also surgeons. The military was where many surgeons

New England and the Middle Colonies economies were largely based in manufacturing, lacking the reliance on slaves that the Southern Colonies held. New England was largely into fishing and timber. It was also the shipping hub of goods for every other colony as well. Much less money was made than in the South, but the people enjoyed the independence working for themselves came with. The Middle Colonies were into manufacturing as well, but on a much smaller scale than New England. The Middle Colonies dealt with farming and producing grain. Furthermore, with New York being an important port, trade along the river was a large part too. The South’s economy was vastly different as slave labor and tobacco were major sources of wealth for landowners. Tobacco,

* Which industry sparked the New England economy at the end of the 17th century? Who was unhappy with the success of that industry, and why?

Medieval medicine was rooted in Ancient Greek practices. In 65 A.D., a Greek writer, Discorides, wrote a book, Material Medica. The book is about medical use of over five-hundred different plants. The book is translated into Hebrew and Arabic. Doctors in the Early Modern Era knew very little, and they used plants as the most important care and/or treatment. Due to unsanitary places and tools, many different diseases spread around Europe. Life was challenging during the Early Modern Era because of many diseases(Alchin). During the 1500s- 1600s, diseases overtook many people because doctors knew little, medicine was unknown, and there were many causes.

Their main crop became tobacco, which was an industry that took off rather quickly in England. However, even though the soil was rich, growing tobacco completely destroyed the soil and therefore the settlers of Chesapeake had to quickly start to expand their land further west to compensate for the demand of tobacco and their defertilization of their own soil. This lead to a rise of wealthy plantation owners and a plethora of indentured servants. Meanwhile, in New England, their economy was based off things like fishing and lumber, due to the fact they had rocky mountains, poor soil and harsh winters which made it practically impossible to cultivate plants. These colonies relied heavily on the mother country, England, for trade. This lead to a rise of mercantilism, where England imported the raw materials from the colony and exported the finished goods for the colony to buy. However, this also lead to a lot of New England settlers smuggling and selling their goods to Dutch and French people so they could make money, since England was not paying them much for their materials and the finished products were too expensive to

Appalachian folk medicine is a system of healing made up of beliefs and practices that are transferred by oral tradition through families and communities. It was developed in response to a lack of access to modern medical care and combines homemade remedies with superstition and religious beliefs. A general definition of folk medicine is a collection of cures that are handed down by oral tradition and other similar means of heritage and are considered outside of mainstream medicine. Appalachian folk medicine sprung up from the need for health care. In pre-industrial Appalachia, doctors and modern medicine were rare and inaccessible as well as expensive, so people relied on traditional home remedies and superstitious practices to alleviate pain and to cure disease. Practices such as using turpentine and brown sugar to cure worms and the use of magnetism to stimulate the body to heal itself are common for many minor illnesses. The most common aspect of Appalachian folk medicine, however, is the widespread use of herbal and homemade medicines that are believed to have healing powers. It relies on local roots, flowers, fruits, bark, leaves, and seeds that could be gathered and then combined or treated to make them suitable for healing.

In the Elizabethan era, medicine was incredibly simple and led to the death of millions.

Since the New England colonies were in a close proximity of the sea the colonies depended heavily on trade and fishing. New England participated in the Triangular Trade, exporting goods such as lumber, fish, horses and flour then in return the West Indies would supply the colonies with sugar, molasses, and rum. (Shmoop Editorial Team. "Economy in Colonial New England." Shmoop.com. Shmoop University, Inc.,

One of the medieval jobs that surprised the most was about Apothecaries.An apothecary made remedies from plants based only.The fact that surprised me about this Medieval Profession was to know that priests often held this occupation as well as apothecaries did.Since apothecaries and physicians were so expensive, priests provided this service for sick and poor individuals.I can't imagine how many people died because they could not afford the services of physicians.The fact was that during medieval times aristocrats were privileged because they could obtain decent Heath services compared to peasants.Millions of peasants died due to the plague of black fever because they could not pay for the required health services to deal with this terrible

Medical knowledge and the production of textiles were valuable and necessary commodities – medical knowledge was essential for everyday problems as well as during outbreaks of disease. Textiles were crucial for the local and national economy as they were locally produced, traded and exported. Martha was a midwife who helped successfully bring hundreds of babies into the world and she was also played a huge role in seeing to the wellness and welfare of the community. As a midwife, Martha served anyone who required her, regardless of their religion, race or place in society. Socializing was an important part of daily life. Even when Martha spent days at home, she was still connected to the locals, which is evident in the way she described the visitors she had. In 1790 alone, “Martha recorded 642 encounters, at home or abroad with 299 persons outside her family” (Ulrich 92). Martha was paid for her services – she sometimes had to travel great distances in treacherous weather to reach her patients and she kept records in her diary about the circumstances she found herself in while carefully recording births, deaths, marriages, weather, and other events, both important and mundane.

Still, they had other means of earning money such as producing paper, textiles, and iron ore products such as plows, tools, kettles, nails, and blocks of iron in factories. Their source of lumber for ship building was provided for by the forests that surrounded the region and their trade of manufactured goods and natural resources was often done with Great Britain and sometimes other European countries. The Middle Colonies’ diverse economy was most beneficial for families as they were then able to provide for themselves in a variety of ways.

    The economies of the Chesapeake and New England Colonies were distinctly different. In the eighteenth century, tobacco was the greatest contributor to its successful economy. Tobacco also contributed to the Chesapeake society, including the settlement pattern centered around plantations and the importance of slave labor. “Between 1690 and 1770, planters imported 100,000 people of African descent to the Chesapeake to work in the tobacco fields

Another legacy of the English influence in North Carolina is the textile industry. Early colonists smuggled their knitting frames to

Economies quickly emerged as a result of human and environmental interaction. Each settlement had its own economy which were based on different aspects. The English colonies were arguably the most diverse with economic activities including farming, fishing, and trading. Their settlements were mostly mercantile, meaning it “promoted governmental regulation of a nation's economy for the purpose of augmenting state power at the expense of rival national powers,” and was famous for their exports, which largely consisted of tobacco, rice, timber, and fish. Tobacco and rice became the major cash crops of the southern colonies. These cash crops were grown on large plantations of land that needed large numbers of workers. Most colonists grew their own food. The soil was too thin and rocky and the climate too harsh for the colonists to grow cash crops. They turned to fishing, lumbering, fur trading, and metal working to nourish their economy. The French economy was mainly based on fur trade because it was more profitable, but still had its part in farming. An abundance of rivers allowed for transportation of goods between the colonies. Mills to grind grains developed and supported local economies. Much like the others, the Spanish were famous for their trading, while also having farming in their western colonies. It was strictly regulated by the Spanish Board of Trade and laws were enforced by the Spanish military. The Northern colonies developed cottage industries that traded on a simple barter system. For example, one household might mill grain while the neighbor spun

The improvement of medicine over the course of the human successes gave great convenience to the people of today. Science has cured and prevented many illnesses from occurring and is on its way to cure some of the most dreadful and harmful illnesses. As the world modernizes due to the industrialization, so does the ways of medicine. Some cures are approached by chance, some, through intense, scientific measures.