Appellate Court System

Imagine you are the director of health information services for a medium-sized health care facility. Like many of your peers, you have contracted with an outside copying service to handle all requests for release of patient health information at your facility. You have learned that a lobbying organization for trial attorneys in your state is promoting legislation to place a cap on photocopying costs, which is significantly below the actual costs incurred as part of the contract. (Case Study, p. 20)

    The state intermediate courts hear appeals from the trial court (Goldman and Cheeseman 10). These courts review the record from the trial court to determine errors that can ultimately modify or reverse the decision in a case. The highest state courts (commonly known as

C. Vann Woodward illuminates one of the “ugliest” aspects of American societal history in his book The Strange Career of Jim Crow. His book is an overview of the development of the Jim Crow system, a set of racist laws put in place around the turn of the nineteenth century. Interestingly his book tracks the evolution of racism throughout American history. He not only shows where and when racism is developing but the different ways that the racism manifested itself in the North and South.

A theme for the Mississippi Trial 1955 is justice. African Americans wanted justice and equality throughout the book. The trial of Emmett Till represented justice even though Roy and J.W were convicted not guilty because the African American witnesses were able to participate in the trial. This unfair trial will be told throughout history, which will prove the racist acts that were convicted on African Americans. Emmett Till’s mother had an open casket for her son, because she wanted

The Strange Career of Jim Crow by C. Vann Woodward explains the development of Jim Crow Laws starting in the period of Reconstruction until its legal demise in 1965. The book puts an argument against the question whether or not segregation had been around before the civil war, and argues that segregation had not always been that way. Before the Civil War, a close proximity was crucial between the societies in the South to maintain white supremacy above blacks. After the Civil War, a period known as Reconstruction began the physical separation of the blacks and whites to maintain white supremacy by keeping blacks and whites separated in physical facilities like schools, bathrooms, and all types of transportation. Although there was a physical separation between blacks and whites, there was not any kind of social strife between the races until the Compromise of 1877 and the forcible integration of the races. The period after Reconstruction began the push to set in laws known as Jim Crow Laws to legally separate the races, but because of the certain laws poor whites were also affected by things like literacy tests and poll taxes. The total effect of the Jim Crow Laws only benefited white elites like before the Civil War. Woodward breaks up his book between the different phases Jim Crow went through and explains the different reactions people took towards the growing segregation.

Emmett till was a fourteen-year-old African American boy who lived in Chicago. He was a fairly normal kid who was down visiting his family when he was brutally murdered for just flirting with a white girl. He was too young to understand what he was doing. He was just doing it as a joke for his cousins, which he soon figured out was life threatening. This act of violence is what started the Civil Rights Movement. So many people were heartbroken that a teenager was beat to death then shot in the head. They protested, but there was nothing they could do.

The courts play a huge role in the criminal justice system. The dual court system of the United States (U.S.) was established through the U.S. constitution. The court systems have a multiple purposes and elements of court. Federal and state court system is what makes up the dual court system of the U.S. Today the U.S. court system is what it is today because of previous legal codes, common law, and the precedent it played in the past. Making the U.S. court system a vital role in the criminal justice system..

The United States’ attention was captivated on the Supreme Court Case of Powell vs Alabama during the 1930s. During the time period, this case revealed the brutal treatment towards African Americans more than any other event. The case began on March 25, 1931, when a group of young white and African American youths were traveling on a train to find a job. A physical encounter broke out between them and the white youths were thrown out of the train. Then they reported the incident to a stationmaster, who stopped the train. The police arrived to gather the nine African Americans and brought them to jail. Nine young African Americans were recognized as the “Scottsboro boys”. They were accused of rape of two white women on that train. The white jury convicted eight of them, all except one, the youngest at 12-years-old, and were sentenced to death. These youths were falsely charged with raping two white women in Alabama. Although there was no evidence that linked the African Americans to the white women, they were still charged with sexual assault. The two women -- fearing prosecution for their sexual relationship with the white men agreed to testify against the black youths. The Supreme Court Case of Powell vs Alabama is crucial in both Civil Rights history and in the evolution of the Constitution.

In conclusion, Emmett Till was a young boy who was born in a time that was rough for African Americans. Also, Christopher Metress is a published author and college professor whose ideas are linked with readers, worldwide. Sixty years later, at a time when race relations are once more at the front of the American mind, Till’s name is still adducing as a reminder of the worst consequences of ignoring the problem. Accidentally, his story has inspired a regeneration of historians and scholars. Everyone has the right to have happiness in life and should not be oppressed by discrimination.

verdict based on the facts of the case. One judge is allowed in this type of trial. These courts are

Recent protests and rallies have brought to light that discrimination plagues our society still today. When Discrimination and segregation was regularly practiced, Emmett Till was still young and lived in Chicago. Since Till lived in the north he was not exposed to the segregation he would soon experience in the south. His uncle and cousins were used to segregation because they lived in Mississippi. When he visited them one summer he would learn how truly terrifying discrimination could be. Till was only 14 when brutally murdered for “offending” a white woman, but from this brutality a new era of civil rights movements changed the world.

“This book will, I hope, keep alive the memory of the Emmett Till case and provide a boarder understanding of the beginning of the civil rights movement.” pg.13.

Anderson’s retelling of the Emmett Till case shows a hostile world before the case even takes place; the author takes a new perspective, rather than focusing on the case and its aftermath, its main focus laid on understanding the world that Till and most African Americans were forced to live in during this time period.

Appellate Courts are part of the judicial system in which they are responsible for reviewing appeals from legal cases that have already been heard in lower level courts. Appellate Courts exist at the federal and state level. Typically in a case either the defendant or plaintiff is unhappy with the ruling of the lower court and move to file an appeal with the appellate court to have the decision reviewed. In other words, this court allows those who have rulings made against them an opportunity for their case to be reviewed. Courts at this level review findings and evidence used in lower level courts to determine if there is enough evidence to support the decision that was made. The job of this court is not to be a fact finder but only to

The U.S. Judicial System is not guilty for convicting the innocent, failing to exonerate the innocent, and does, thus making the system just. The United States has one of the best judicial systems in the world. The judicial system is complex and has many rules and regulations that evolve around what occurs in the different cases. The rules and regulations include how evidence and testimonies are presented, how trial procedures should be, and what the courtroom behavior should be. These rules are created to allow each side to appropriately present and publicize their case. Law and rules must be created, interpreted, and enforced to maintain a just society.