Apple Juice As A Critical Review Outline For The Written Final Exam

The purpose of this experiment was to determine which enzyme or the combination of the two enzymes makes the most apple juice from applesauce. We did his by, mixing 10 drops of an enzyme (cellulose/pectinase/both) into a few tablespoons of applesauce. We then left the rest to nature, and watched the liquid funnel out for 10 minutes. Lastly, we recorded our data.

Our goal in this experiment is to determine the reaction rate and specific activity of the protein extract. Also, the purpose of this lab is to characterize Vmax and Km for catechol and L-Dopa. Along with, determining whether the mode of inhibition by PTU is competitive or non-competitive? We performed a spectrometry analysis in order to determine the reaction rate of PPO, specific activity, and substrate- enzyme relationships among L-Dopa, catechol, and PTU. The reaction rate of polyphenol oxidase determined to be 0.04932957 μmin/min. By incoporating Beer’s Law, the specific activity of our protein extract was 0.2517127 μm/mgmin.In order to determine Vmax and Km for catechol and L-dopa we had to take averages from 3 dfferent groups. The Vmax for L-dopa determined to be 14.27, the ½ Vmax was 7.134, and the Km value was 0.485. The Vmax for catechol determined to be 10.00, ½ Vmax was 5.33, and the Km value was 0.38. The mode of inhibition by PTU determined to be non- competitive. The graph shows a rough hyperbolic trend with the slop increasing and then slowly making a curve towards the end for the catechol substrate concentration. However, the reaction with catechol and PTU portrayes a flat line. This is due to the fact that the increasing amount of substrate concentration had no effect on the reaction at all. Therefore, PTU was inhibiting the

Synthetic food colorants which were being used in beverages, desserts, jams, jellies, sauces, sweets, bakery items, cosmetics, toothpaste, syrup, capsule, tablets are toxic for human’s health. Anthocyanin is good natural food colorant which has so many health benefits such as Anti-inflammatory, Inhibitor of tumor cell proliferation and lipid peroxidation, Inducer of cancer cells for apoptosis, Anti-neoplastic, cardiovascular diseases, Vaso-protective, Neuro-protective, Antiulcer, Antioxidant and drug detoxification, Anti-diabetes and Vision improvement. Cost of the anthocyanin is very high because the methods using for purification is expensive like chromatography, and the quantity purified after the final step was very low. Alcohol based ATPS

It can be defined as the intake of foreign agents in order to restrain induction, to prevent or slow the progression of cancer or reversal of carcinogenesis at a premalignant stage (Jaganathan et al.) These experiments, both studying in vivo and in vitro effects of apple polyphenols, have showed their benefits as a strong chemopreventive food. When reviewing in vivo studies, the chemopreventive properties in the apple diet could be seen as a visible reduction of inflammation, epithelial lesions in the colon and increasing of apoptosis in tumor cells (Pietro Femia, et al.) Cancer preventive strategies in vitro include mechanisms to trap and remove carcinogens from the organism, which would minimize their contact with DNA and reduce their genotoxic and promutagenic action, and also preventing the activation of procarcinogens to ultimate carcinogens, which could enhance their detoxification through modulation of xenobiotic metabolism (Gerhauser et al.) Protein expression was also noted in in vitro studies showing that polyphenols increase expression of both the p53 protein and GSTT2 protein, which suppresses tumors and reduces genotoxic stress,

The isolation and purification of phosphatidylcholine from egg yolk is successfully achieved through aluminum oxide chromatography. The chromatography-purified fractions of PC is concentrated by doing thin layer chromatography. The TLC plate from first two fractions showed indication of PC, which describes the separation is very faster than the typical experiment. Usually fractions 5-9 contains the highly concentrated PC ( Clingman ).The net weight of the PC obtained after all the purification is 1.14grams.The TLC analysis between crude PC and purified PC is compare with standard lyso PC.The purified PC and crude PC has same Rf value but crude PC has additional spots that are not present in purified run. Since the purified PC has one prominent

An analysis of the suitability of the services provided and the reason for change in the service.

We were assigned the ultimate task of finding the phosphoric acid in several rival sodas for this experiment but to get there it required many steps to be taken in advance. As we were a working for a major cola company it was crucial that we were aware of how to use the technology and then more importantly the relationships between all the findings we made through numerous experiments.

Besides, Solid-phase extraction methods for DNA have been developed in recent years in formats that enable high-throughput DNA extractions. Moreover, Solid phase extraction (SPE) is widely used for clean-up in food analysis, and has largely replaced classical gravity column chromatography. 6

Aim: I want to find out whether the concentration of Vitamin C in Golden Circle Pineapple juice changes over time.

Ascorbic acid concentrations were determined by iodometric titrations of mango juice after being exposed to increased heat for different durations of time, 3 minutes and 5 minutes, to determine if the duration of heating of a juice sample increases the rate of decomposition of Ascorbic acid. Results showed that ascorbic acid concentrations after being exposed to increased heat for 5 minutes were lowest. This demonstrates that an increased exposure to heat increases the rate of ascorbic acid degradation.

Nutrition and Health Diagnostics (Diagnostics) is a food safety business unit within the DuPont company that focuses on food-based pathogen detection systems. The business currently sells a system that uses specific in-house consumables to large food processing plants that can accurately detect the presence of pathogens that are harmful for human consumption. This testing is required by the United States government and most countries around the world. The system uses a polymerase chain reaction (pCR) method that can detect the presence of bacteria in an industry leading four hours. The accuracy and speed of this system allows major food processing plants to be very efficient in their packaging and distributing of foods. The current system, the Q7, appeals to large companies who can afford a top of the line system and the consumables that are necessary to run multiple samples. The success of this

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is an important vitamin for a healthy diet. It is important in the growth and repair of tissue, skin, wounds, bones and teeth. It is also an antioxidant. Vitamin C is found in fruit juice and to discover how much vitamin C is in fruit juice, a titration can be performed. A titration is a lab method used to determine an unknown concentration of a solution by adding a reagent with a known concentration. The main goals of this experiment were to perform a redox titration and improve titration technique, to become familiar with the redox reactions with organic molecules, and to determine the amount of vitamin C in a sample of fruit juice.

So that the researcher could do this, and accurately record the amounts, the researcher liquefied the fruits in a blender, added water and salt to them, and the added laundry detergent before using contact solution as an enzyme. Rubbing alcohol was then poured into the mixture and the DNA was extracted and put into a small container so that it could be weighed.

Today it is important for all food diagnostic laboratories and research facilities to implement and make accurate quality of analysis as per the reach, volume and kind of the work performed. The essential go for any expository food testing or analytical laboratory ought to be to guarantee that their scientific results are of accurate quality concerning their accuracy and trueness. This relies on upon whether lab is mean to apply for technical competence. The lab 's support in proficiency testing activities is the prerequisite of appropriate accreditation. The reason for this necessity is to delivered diagnostic result exact and repeatable by laboratories. Proper capability testing information can be utilized to uncover a laboratory facility 's ability to potential clients, customers, accreditation bodies and other outer substances. Contribution in the proficiency testing additionally gives exceptionally valuable feedback in the inner checking of a lab 's quality framework. This proficiency testing activities helps a lab to confirm its competence to perform particular tests and calibration.

The major drawback of Folin- Ciocalteu (FC) method is the ability to react with the reducing compounds in red beets such as ascorbic acid and nitrogenous substances especially Dopa (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), thus providing higher values of phenolic compounds in the extract. Moreover, the main component betanin of red beet is structurally similar to Dopa(3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) which may contribute to the higher values using FC spectrometric estimation (Kugler et al., 2012).