Applicability Of 4d Modeling For Resource Allocation Of Mega Liquefied Natural Gas Plant Construction

The model has the ability which enables the construction companies to evaluate the project cost with in-depth and higher accuracy rates where it reduces the cost and the expenses required.

This chapter helps to define some elements that may represent a city. For example, when

Undisputedly, construction process is one of the most complex human endeavours in history, with huge amount of details that involve large number of people working at the same time on a single deliverable object, be it buildings, bridges, dams or the likes, the process is equally demanding, challenging and complicated. Every single person with a role on a construction project needs information about what to do, how to do it, where to do it and when to do it and lots more information required to carry out a single task successfully.

Modern methods of construction (MMC) are needed in the industry because of a growing number of factorts that are effecting our built environment and the

The main aim of factor 4 is to decrease the level of materials utilization and usage of human resources to one fourth level. The Factor 4 follows a set of guidelines for comparing design options and for evaluating the performance of buildings and their component systems. Factor 4 suggests that for humanity to live sustainably today, we must rapidly reduce resource consumption to one-quarter of its current levels. Fortunately, the technology to accomplish Factor 4 reductions in resource consumption already exists and requires only public policy prioritization and implementation.

In his paper, the author explains us how the technology advancement is taking place, how 2D modelling started initially, how it led to 3D modelling and now how building information modelling techniques are being linked to 3D modelling. BIM is not just about modelling, but it also includes project planning, design and construction. He clearly explains what BIM is in the form of a flow chart. Where he says that B in BIM stands for Residential, commercial, healthcare, institutional, sports and entertainment, I in BIM stands for Spatial, element, systems, quantities, schedule, operations and M in BIM stands for site, architectural, structural, MEP systems, sustainability and management. This all phases of the program are a continuous chain where programming, design, pre construction, construction, operations, and demolition are done. This research also supports that the concept of building information modelling is not only useful for the building’s geometric modelling, but also it can assist in the management of construction projects. In this research, the author has collected information from 35 construction projects that have already utilized BIM. The most common result that was observed was the cost reduction. For some people, BIM is a software application, where as for others, it is a process for designing and documenting

It became “virtual” and turned the real architectural landscape of the city into the collection of spaces and ties between them. The city space started to exist in the global environment, where the distance between two continents can be overcome in shorter time than the distance between two neighbouring areas that have traffic jam. A modern city that preserves the features of its cultural identity and combines them with the progressive technologies of life organization has the biggest chances to become attractive for the citizens and compete for the best of them with other global

The streets of ancient cities and today’s modern metropolis have changed the way people interact and live within the city. Although streets go unnoticed and their functions are taken for granted, they significantly impact our way of living in many modes that leave a lasting impression on the city’s urban plan.

B.I.M stands for Building Information Modeling, intelligent model-based process that provides insight to help you plan, design, construct, and mange buildings and infrastructure. B.I.M changes how buildings, infrastructure, and utilities are planned, designed, built, and managed. Autodesk B.I.M solutions help turn information into insight and deliver business value at every step in the process. B.I.M incorporates major elements of estimating, cost and project management. As a result, the B.I.M computer model is a living representation of the actual structure at any given time. B.I.M is more than drawings- it is a date repository for building design, construction, and maintenance information combined in one convenient model to share. The benefits of B.I.M are that there are reduced changes during construction. Reduced conflicts during construction and improved construction. Improved collective understanding of design intent reduces claims, disputes, and conflicts. B.I.M provides the capability to design efficient “Green Buildings.” The future of B.I.M will only make B.I.M better, the Information of B.I.M will be utilized more, designers, constructors and building owners will leverage the information that is right in from of them to add value to the building they are producing. Room and furniture, fixture, and equipment validation between

BIM represents a migration in the architectural design field from two dimensions to three dimensions by creating intelligent, multi-dimensional building models. (Reddy, 2007). Through BIM, designers can enhance their computer projections to incorporate actual materials. BIM shows a building at every aspect of its development and illustrates construction, design and materials in detail. The embedding capacities of BIM make it a dynamic platform and allow multiple groups in different locations to work on projects. (Thomson and Miner, 2007)

Imagine the city of Toronto residing on a complex urban structure, which contains the sophistication and complication of any gigantic city. Toronto is made of strict gridline system, interconnected and repeated but hundreds of feet in height. Imagine it comprising of a density of massive volume, seeking space for balanced perspectives of users and visual openings for nature to sneak in. The city will be appreciated for its capacity to include transportation systems, parks, open spaces, retails, public squares, theaters, and public activities, all in height. The location of any one of these is of course governed by the stability of the global structure, which allows every single element to exist individually and yet within the system.

The goal fo architectural and engineered construction drawings is to organize, clarify, and effectively convey an enormous amount of detailed information in order to describe how a complicated building, such as a medical clinic or net-zero house must be built. Andrew's construction drawings have a quality of sophistication that demonstrates his genuine understanding of the complex codes and project criteria. It is important to note, on all of the projects Andrew has been involved in, I have never had a change order; this is undoubetly due to the consistant high quality of his work. I have no doubt that his concetrated attention to detail will be a critical asset in his future career.

Cities are places which have huge amount of gathering of people, collection of economic activities and complex infrastructure for people which all together are supported by transport systems.

(1)3D Coordination (2) Design Reviews (3)Design authoring (4)Construction System Design (5) Existing Condition Modeling (6) 3D Control and planning (7) Programming (8) Phase planning(4D modeling) (9) Record Modeling (10) Site Utilization Planning (11) Site analysis (12) structural Analysis (13) Energy Analysis (14) Cost Estimation (15)Sustainability LEED Evaluation (16) Building System Analysis (17) Space Management /Tracking (18)Mechanical Analysis (19) Code Validation (20) Lighting Analysis (21) Other Engineering analysis (22)Digital Fabrication (23) Asset Management (24) Building Maintenance Scheduling (25) Disaster Planning.

As the data are getting more and more easily accessed and analyzed by software and algorithms, the development of Urban Science has entered a new era. The urban technologies have being created to tackle the universe of the big data, and the popularized use of Mobile devices has made data collection never so easy. Data is everywhere, anytime and in any format. The science of data can be highly applicable to almost any industries, such as medicine, urban planning, health care, and economics, etc. Most of them are closely connected to citizens’ everyday lives, so the responsibilities of regularizing the data use from private or public uses become extremely crucial for the progress of the overall economy.