Application And Specification Of A Computer Network

A computer network is any computer or group of computers that are linked to another computer or systems of computers so they can communicate. There are several careers that involve knowledge of computer networking. Each of these positions require a particular set of skills. While the positions may sound the same, they are not. For example, the network engineer manages and designs computer networks, upgrading them and tests their security while the network administrator keeps the network running. The network analyst is responsible for supporting the overall infrastructure of the computer network, writing software and other programs that are needed. The information systems administrator is responsible for designing, delivering, and maintaining the infrastructure that makes up the network, usually in an organization. The network technician is the one who sets up the network, troubleshoots problems and services the network to keep it running. The network information systems manager is responsible for the technicians, administrators, analysists and engineers while also planning for the network into the future (Computer Networking Majors Guide).

Interestingly, IoT attacks ranked low on the list of primary concerns among the respondents. However, when they were asked what they believed would be their primary concerns within the next 24 months, IoT security topped the list at 34 percent of the respondents. Based on research conducted on medical devices, industrial control systems and cars, their anxiety appears to be justified.

A computer network is any computer or group of computers that are linked to another computer or systems of computers so they can communicate. There are several careers that involve knowledge of computer networking. Each of these positions require a particular set of skills. While the positions may sound the same, they are not. For example, the network engineer manages and designs computer networks, upgrading them and tests their security while the network administrator keeps the network running. The network analyst is responsible for supporting the overall infrastructure of the computer network, writing software and other programs that are needed. The information systems administrator is responsible for designing, delivering, and maintaining the infrastructure that makes up the network, usually in an organization. The network technician is the one who sets up the network, troubleshoots problems and services the network to keep it running. The network information systems manager is responsible for the technicians, administrators, analysists and engineers while also planning for the network into the future (Computer Networking Majors Guide).

A decade ago there weren’t many people who had objects that were able to connect to the internet and if you were an early adopter of smart phone technology you probably had one or maybe two objects that had the ability to connect to the internet. But today almost every person in the world has more than one object that connects to the internet. Anything from smartphones, smart TVs, Cars, Game systems and even refrigerators are now able to connect to the internet. It estimated by 2020 there will be 50 billion objects connected to the internet. This is the Internet of Things. A network of internet connected objects that are able to collect and exchange data using embedded sensors (businessinsider). In this paper I will discuss how the Internet of Things creates many improvements to the world, increasing our convenience, health and safety, while at the same time improving energy efficiency and comfort (ercim).

2. INTRODUCTION :Smart locks, smart cars — you’ve probably heard some of these terms lately, and you’re going to hear them even more as the year goes on. But what are these things exactly — and what makes them so smart? These devices are all part of an emerging category called the Internet of Things, or IoT for short. Internet of things refers to a concept that internet is no longer just a global network for people to communicate with one another using computers, but it is a platform for devices to communicate electronically with the world around them. It includes objects ranging from computers to washing machines and laptops to microwaves. It is based on a rule that “everything that can be connected should be connected”.

As the internet continues to expand, so does the number of smart gadgets, where intelligence is embedded into these smart gadgets and devices. These devices are used across various domains ranging from health and agriculture to transport and defense. As companies such as Google and BMW continue their research into driverless cars and implement the Internet of Things into vehicles, it is exciting to imagine a world where we can control everything from one device, but how will these innovations be kept secure?

The term “the Internet of things ” refers to devices, or “things”, which collect and transmit data using the Internet (Morgan). These types of devices have become increasingly popular as technology

The internet of things (IoT) is comparable to the internet in how it provides communication connections over a large area public network. The internet is used to connect people to each other using device connections to a main stream network. The IoT is currently a conceptual construct of a network system working as a conduit to serve as a direct line of communication for multiple electrical operated objects. In theory if an object has an on/off toggle switch, then the object will eventually be able to be connected to the system. The purpose of the IoT is to provide a medium to connect electrical devices allowing them to work in unison in effort to improve the efficiency of their operations. Advanced algorithms drive these devices to complete complex decision making tasks in real time scenarios to improve the efficiency of their operations (Pye, 2014).

Examples: Ring topology is used widely in Engineering and Manufacturing Industries, LAN may also be ring (City Ring).

By the development of new communication technologies, especially as Internet become widespread, various aspects of social, economic and political lives such as constitutional forming and societal interfaces have been considerably changed. Apart from this, as Turkle (1999) also claimed;

The field of technology is growing every day and with each passing year new ideas are brought into surface and new inventions are created. The growing trend of technology is expanding to just about every corner of the world and it’s only going to get bigger within the next few years. One of these trends is known as the Internet of Things (IoT). The Internet of Things is the growing expanding area of technological devices over a network over the Internet such as computers and smartphones, however, those are not the only devices that are able to communicate over the internet, a new wave of technology devices are growing and expanding to our homes making them apart of our everyday lives. The IoT essentially is a wide range of devices that are able to communicate through the Internet whether through a cloud computing system or a network.

Windows XP was introduced as a significant upgrade to Windows 98 and Windows Millennium. After Microsoft brought out MS-DOS in the 1980's it developed its futuristic operating system - Windows. Newer versions of this OS were developed over the years, including the out bringing of Windows NT (New Technology) which was aimed at business users and computer servers. After numerous incarnations of the Windows operating system, including Windows 95, 98 and the much criticized Windows Millennium, the XP system was released October 25, 2001.Windows XP has much in common with the singularities and also engineering of Windows 2000. In fundamentals XP was created to"bridge the two architectures

An Internet of Things (IoT) system connects the physical world into Internet via radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, sensors, and mobile devices. IoT is an intelligent collaboration of tiny sensors and devices giving new challenges to the end to end communication of things.

Networks and media are two important aspects of a computer infrastructure that should be constantly under protection. Most of the network protocols that we use nowadays were developed like the open protocols. It means everyone who has an access to the network can scan, read, and modify packets easily. Thus, one of the tasks a cybersecurity expert might face is developing a new network architecture or update the existing, vulnerable one. So, the one should have a strategic knowledge to build the network architecture with the proper security. For example, why it is sometimes better to setup the network devices with the dynamic IP addresses, or what might happen if it would be two identical IP addresses in the network. Sometimes it is better to install a switch instead of a router to increase the average network speed and reduce the breaking availability . The knowledge about the networks and computers make the cybersecurity expert thinks critically and provide the strategic ideas about the exact network topology and devices. Also, there are some techniques that might help to protect the dynamic networks against braking down. There are a lot of dynamic network protocols, such as RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, and BGP that operates differently, according to the bandwidth, number of hops, and network availability.

A computer networking and data network is a telecommunication network that allows the computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams. This facilitates communication and resources sharing within huge amount of people in deferent location. Best known as Internet, is the computer network established using either cable media or wireless media. The only system been used before 19th century was postal system, and it would take several days depending distance between sender and the receiver. But now a day by the access of Internet you can communicate with people within seconds, and doesn’t matter where they live or the distance between sender and receiver. Back in days,